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Identify the correct statement describing the abuse of elderly persons in the United States.
- A. Elder abuse is the most often reported form of domestic violence
- B. Statistically, neglect is the most common form of elder abuse
- C. Most cases of elder abuse are reported to the proper authorities
- D. Healthcare practitioners are only mandated to report verified, not suspected, cases of elder abuse
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Statistically, neglect is the most common form of elder abuse. Neglect involves the failure to provide necessary care or assistance to an elderly person, making it a prevalent form of elder abuse. This is supported by research and studies on elder abuse cases.
A is incorrect because elder abuse is often underreported compared to other forms of domestic violence.
C is incorrect as many cases of elder abuse go unreported due to various reasons such as fear, shame, or lack of awareness.
D is incorrect as healthcare practitioners are mandated to report any suspected cases of elder abuse, not just verified cases, to protect the well-being of the elderly.
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All of the following are characteristics associated with centenarians EXCEPT:
- A. Exercise.
- B. Smoking.
- C. Weight control.
- D. Delayed onset of disease.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Smoking. Centenarians are individuals who live to be 100 years old or older and smoking is a known risk factor for various diseases and premature death. Exercise, weight control, and delayed onset of disease are commonly associated characteristics of centenarians as they promote overall health and longevity. Smoking, on the other hand, has been proven to have detrimental effects on health and is not typically seen in individuals who live to be 100 or older. Therefore, the absence of smoking is a more accurate characteristic associated with centenarians.
Which organization had the largest influence in the specialty of gerontological nursing?
- A. American Association of Retired Persons (AARP)
- B. John Hartford Foundation
- C. Medicare
- D. Mutual of Omaha Insurance
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: John Hartford Foundation. The John Hartford Foundation is known for its significant contributions to the field of gerontological nursing through funding research, education, and initiatives to improve care for older adults. The foundation has supported the development of gerontological nursing programs and resources, making it a key influencer in advancing the specialty.
Explanation for other choices:
A: American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) primarily focuses on advocacy and support for older adults but does not have a direct influence on the specialty of gerontological nursing.
C: Medicare is a federal health insurance program for individuals aged 65 and older, but it does not specifically impact the development of gerontological nursing as an organization.
D: Mutual of Omaha Insurance is an insurance company and does not have a direct role in shaping the field of gerontological nursing.
In the care of older adults, how does the concept of "multimorbidity" complicate the treatment of chronic conditions?
- A. It simplifies treatment as there are fewer conditions to manage simultaneously
- B. It increases the complexity of managing multiple medications and health conditions
- C. It reduces the need for personalized care plans
- D. It enhances the effectiveness of treatment through overlapping therapeutic interventions
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because multimorbidity refers to the presence of multiple chronic conditions in an individual, which can complicate treatment due to interactions between medications, conflicting treatment recommendations, and the need for coordination among different healthcare providers. Managing multiple health conditions and medications can lead to potential adverse effects, drug interactions, and difficulties in prioritizing treatment goals. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because multimorbidity actually increases treatment complexity, necessitating individualized care plans and careful consideration of potential interactions between treatments.
The microvascular changes that occur as a result of uncontrolled diabetes include all of the following except___:
- A. Retinopathy
- B. nephropathy
- C. neuropathy
- D. cerebral vascular disease
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: cerebral vascular disease. Microvascular changes in diabetes mainly affect small blood vessels in organs like the eyes (retinopathy), kidneys (nephropathy), and nerves (neuropathy). Cerebral vascular disease involves larger blood vessels in the brain, not typically considered a result of microvascular changes in diabetes. Retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy are well-documented complications of uncontrolled diabetes due to damage to small blood vessels in these specific organs.
The nurse is assessing an older adult from a different culture using the explanatory model. Which question(s) should the nurse ask? (Select all that apply.)
- A. How can we negotiate to solve the problem?
- B. What treatment can improve your condition?
- C. Should we try my plan first to see if it helps?
- D. How long have you experienced the problem?
Correct Answer: B, E, F
Rationale: The correct answers are B, E, and F. B is correct because understanding what treatment can improve the condition is essential for culturally sensitive care. E is correct as it helps understand the patient's beliefs about the cause of the illness. F is correct to assess the impact of the illness on the patient's life. A is incorrect as it focuses more on negotiation rather than understanding the patient's perspective. C is incorrect as it assumes the nurse's plan is superior without considering the patient's beliefs. D is incorrect as it only focuses on the duration of the problem rather than the patient's explanatory model.