basic geriatric nursing test bank

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A community health nurse provides a flu prevention workshop at a senior center. Which theory of aging underpins these activities?

  • A. Free radical theory
  • B. Immunologic theory
  • C. Oxidative stress theory
  • D. Telomere theory
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Immunologic theory. This theory of aging focuses on the decline in immune function as individuals age, making them more vulnerable to infections like the flu. The flu prevention workshop at the senior center aligns with this theory by aiming to boost seniors' immune systems to reduce their susceptibility to the flu.

A: Free radical theory attributes aging to the accumulation of damage caused by reactive oxygen species, not specifically related to immune function.
C: Oxidative stress theory is similar to the free radical theory in emphasizing the role of oxidative damage in aging, not directly related to immune function.
D: Telomere theory suggests that cellular aging is influenced by the shortening of telomeres, which is not directly related to immune function or flu prevention.

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All of the following are characteristics associated with centenarians EXCEPT:

  • A. Exercise.
  • B. Smoking.
  • C. Weight control.
  • D. Delayed onset of disease.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Smoking. Centenarians are individuals who live to be 100 years old or older and smoking is a known risk factor for various diseases and premature death. Exercise, weight control, and delayed onset of disease are commonly associated characteristics of centenarians as they promote overall health and longevity. Smoking, on the other hand, has been proven to have detrimental effects on health and is not typically seen in individuals who live to be 100 or older. Therefore, the absence of smoking is a more accurate characteristic associated with centenarians.

Which of the following assessment findings would be most suggestive of deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?

  • A. Bilateral calf tenderness after walking up a flight of stairs
  • B. Swelling in one leg with pitting edema
  • C. Shortness of breath after activity
  • D. Two plus palpable pulses
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because swelling in one leg with pitting edema is a classic sign of DVT. Pitting edema suggests fluid accumulation due to compromised venous circulation, which is common in DVT. Bilateral calf tenderness (choice A) is more indicative of muscle strain. Shortness of breath (choice C) is suggestive of a pulmonary embolism, a complication of DVT. Two plus palpable pulses (choice D) indicate good arterial circulation, not DVT.

How does loneliness affect older adults' health?

  • A. It has no significant impact on health
  • B. It can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and depression
  • C. It improves immune function
  • D. It only affects mental health, not physical health
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Loneliness in older adults can lead to increased stress, inflammation, and unhealthy behaviors, all of which can elevate the risk of cardiovascular disease and depression. Social isolation can also impact mental health. Choice A is incorrect as loneliness does impact health. Choice C is incorrect as loneliness typically weakens immune function. Choice D is incorrect as loneliness affects both mental and physical health.

The nurse is teaching a client with COPD about proper use of an inhaler. What should the nurse emphasize?

  • A. Use the inhaler only when you feel short of breath.
  • B. Inhale deeply before activating the inhaler.
  • C. Inhale rapidly after activating the inhaler.
  • D. Use the inhaler as often as possible for maximum benefit.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because inhaling deeply before activating the inhaler ensures proper medication delivery to the lungs. This allows the medication to reach the affected areas efficiently. Choice A is incorrect because inhalers are often used preventatively, not just when short of breath. Choice C is incorrect as inhaling rapidly may not allow the medication to be effectively deposited in the lungs. Choice D is incorrect because using the inhaler excessively can lead to overuse and potential side effects.

Which action should the nurse take when addressing older adults?

  • A. Speak in an exaggerated pitch.
  • B. Use a lower quality of speech.
  • C. Use endearing terms such as 'honey.'
  • D. Speak clearly.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Speak clearly. This is important when addressing older adults as many may have hearing impairments. Speaking clearly helps ensure they can understand and follow instructions. Using an exaggerated pitch (A) may come across as patronizing. Using a lower quality of speech (B) can be perceived as disrespectful. Using endearing terms (C) may not be appropriate for all individuals and can be seen as condescending. In summary, speaking clearly is the most effective way to communicate respectfully with older adults.

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