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A patients rapid cancer metastases have prompted a shift from active treatment to palliative care. When planning this patients care, the nurse should identify what primary aim?
- A. To prioritize emotional needs
- B. To prevent and relieve suffering
- C. To bridge between curative care and hospice care
- D. To provide care while there is still hope
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The primary aim when transitioning a patient with rapid cancer metastases from active treatment to palliative care is to prevent and relieve suffering. Palliative care focuses on enhancing quality of life, managing symptoms, and addressing physical, emotional, and spiritual needs. By prioritizing the prevention and relief of suffering, healthcare providers can work towards improving the patient's comfort and overall well-being during this difficult time. This approach aligns with the goals of palliative care, which aim to provide holistic support and care for patients facing serious illnesses like cancer.
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Which of the following individuals would be the most appropriate candidate for immunotherapy?
- A. A patient who had an anaphylactic reaction to an insect sting
- B. A child with allergies to eggs and dairy
- C. A patient who has had a positive tuberculin skin test
- D. A patient with severe allergies to grass and tree pollen
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Immunotherapy, also known as allergy shots, is a form of treatment that can help reduce symptoms for individuals with severe allergies to substances such as pollen, dust mites, or pet dander. This treatment involves exposing the patient to small, increasing doses of the allergen over time to help the immune system gradually build up a tolerance. Patients with severe allergies to grass and tree pollen would most likely benefit from immunotherapy as it can help reduce their allergy symptoms and improve their quality of life. On the other hand, individuals with anaphylactic reactions to insect stings (Choice A), allergies to eggs and dairy (Choice B), or a positive tuberculin skin test (Choice C) are not typically candidates for immunotherapy as their conditions are not related to the type of allergies that are commonly treated with this method.
A patient with AIDS is admitted to the hospital with AIDS-related wasting syndrome and AIDS- related anorexia. What drug has been found to promote significant weight gain in AIDS patients by increasing body fat stores?
- A. Advera
- B. Momordicacharantia
- C. Megestrol
- D. Ranitidine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Megestrol is a synthetic progestational agent that has been found to promote significant weight gain in AIDS patients with wasting syndrome by increasing body fat stores. It is commonly used to stimulate appetite and increase caloric intake in patients experiencing anorexia and weight loss due to various medical conditions, including AIDS-related wasting. Megestrol works by increasing appetite and improving food intake, leading to weight gain and improved nutritional status in patients with HIV/AIDS. It has been shown to be effective in reversing weight loss and improving quality of life in these patients. Therefore, the drug megestrol is the most appropriate choice for promoting weight gain in AIDS patients with wasting syndrome and anorexia.
A male patient with a metastatic brain tumor is having a generalized seizure and begins vomiting. What should the nurse do first?
- A. Perform oral suctioning.
- B. Page the physician.
- C. Insert a tongue depressor into the patients mouth.
- D. Turn the patient on his side.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When a patient is experiencing a seizure and begins vomiting, the priority action for the nurse is to turn the patient onto their side. This position helps to prevent aspiration, which can occur when the patient inhales vomit into their lungs. Turning the patient on their side allows for the vomit to drain out of the mouth, reducing the risk of aspiration and maintaining a clear airway. Performing oral suctioning would be necessary after turning the patient on their side, but it is not the initial priority in this situation. Paging the physician and inserting a tongue depressor are not appropriate actions during a seizure and vomiting episode.
A middle-aged female patient has been offered testing for HIV/AIDS upon admission to the hospital for an unrelated health problem. The nurse observes that the patient is visibly surprised and embarrassed by this offer. How should the nurse best respond?
- A. Most women with HIV dont know they have the disease. If you have it, its important we catch it early.
- B. This testing is offered to every adolescent and adult regardless of their lifestyle, appearance or history.
- C. The rationale for this testing is so that you can begin treatment as soon as testing comes back, if its positive.
- D. Youre being offered this testing because you are actually in the prime demographic for HIV infection.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Option B is the best response for the nurse to provide in this situation. By stating that the testing is offered to every adolescent and adult regardless of lifestyle, appearance, or history, the nurse conveys that HIV testing is a standard practice and not targeting the patient specifically. This can help reduce the patient's feeling of embarrassment or stigma associated with the offer of testing. It also emphasizes the importance of universal screening for HIV to promote early detection and treatment, regardless of risk factors or demographics. This response helps maintain the patient's dignity and encourages them to consider the testing in a non-judgmental way.
The nurse is providing care for a patient who has benefited from a cochlear implant. The nurse should understand that this patients health history likely includes which of the following? Select all that apply.
- A. The patient was diagnosed with sensorineural hearing loss.
- B. The patients hearing did not improve appreciably with the use of hearing aids.
- C. The patient has deficits in peripheral nervous function.
- D. The patients hearing deficit is likely accompanied by a cognitive deficit. E) The patient is unable to lip-read.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A. The patient was diagnosed with sensorineural hearing loss.