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The nurse is caring for a patient who states, "I tossed and turned last night." The nurse responds to the patient, "You feel like you were awake all night?" This is an example of:
- A. open-ended question.
- B. restatement.
- C. reflection.
- D. offering self. Restatement is a
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: restatement. Restatement involves repeating the patient's words to confirm understanding. In this scenario, the nurse echoed the patient's statement to show empathy and acknowledge the patient's feelings. This technique helps build rapport and fosters therapeutic communication.
Explanation of why other choices are incorrect:
A: Open-ended question: This involves encouraging the patient to elaborate on their feelings or experiences, not just repeating what the patient said.
C: Reflection: This involves restating the patient's feelings to show understanding, not simply repeating their words.
D: Offering self: This involves offering oneself to the patient for support, which was not demonstrated in the scenario.
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Which nonverbal action(s) would be consistent with an assertive style of communication? (Select all that apply)
- A. Relaxed posture
- B. Established eye contact
- C. Hands placed on hips
- D. Distant, soft voice
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A (Relaxed posture) because assertiveness is about expressing oneself confidently while respecting others. A relaxed posture conveys confidence and self-assurance. Established eye contact (B) is also consistent with assertiveness, showing engagement and sincerity. Choices C (Hands placed on hips) and D (Distant, soft voice) are more indicative of aggression or passivity, respectively, rather than assertiveness. Placing hands on hips can come across as confrontational, while a distant, soft voice lacks the firmness and clarity associated with assertive communication.
A nurse manager offers a staff nurse a choice between working 8- or 12-hour shifts. Which statement, if made by the staff nurse, is nonassertive and may result in a frustrated response from the nurse manager?
- A. "I want to decide the shifts for all of the other staff nurses."
- B. "Do whatever you want. It doesn't really matter to me."
- C. "Thank you for offering me a choice. I prefer 12-hour shifts."
- D. "You will never be able to give me what I really want to work."
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it shows an attempt to control others' decisions, which is nonassertive and inappropriate in a professional setting. Assertiveness involves expressing one's own needs and preferences while respecting others' choices. Option A implies a desire for power over others' schedules, leading to potential conflict and frustration. In contrast, options B and D show indifference and negativity, respectively, without clearly stating preferences. Option C is assertive and appreciative of the choice offered, clearly stating a preference for 12-hour shifts without imposing on others.
The community health nurse is listening to a client talk about a personal problem. Which of these actions by the nurse is most appropriate?
- A. The nurse should increase the physical distance from the client.
- B. The nurse should lean toward the client and make eye contact.
- C. The nurse should periodically interrupt the client to ask questions.
- D. The nurse should initiate the physical assessment to distract the client.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because leaning towards the client and making eye contact shows active listening and empathy. This helps the client feel heard and supported. Increasing physical distance (A) may create a barrier. Interrupting the client (C) can be perceived as disrespectful. Initiating a physical assessment (D) is inappropriate as it may seem insensitive and dismissive of the client's concerns.
The characteristic that is representative of the nurse-patient relationship is that this relationship:
- A. focuses on the nurse's ability to build rapport.
- B. continues after discharge.
- C. does not include humor.
- D. focuses on the assessed patient health problems.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the nurse-patient relationship primarily focuses on addressing the assessed health problems of the patient. This relationship is centered around providing care, support, and assistance related to the patient's health needs. Building rapport (A) is important, but not the primary focus. The relationship does not necessarily continue after discharge (B) as it depends on the circumstances. Humor (C) can be included in the relationship but is not a defining characteristic. Thus, D is the correct choice as it aligns with the fundamental purpose of the nurse-patient relationship.
The nurse has selected an outcome for the patient to eat all of the food on the breakfast tray each day. Assessing that the patient has eaten all of the breakfast, the nurse would give positive feedback by saying:
- A. "Wow! That breakfast must have been pretty good."
- B. "I like pancakes too. Everyone on the hall seemed to enjoy them."
- C. "I hope you can keep all that breakfast down."
- D. "Hurray! You finished your whole meal! What would you like for tomorrow?" Giving positive feedback increases the likelihood of the desired behavior to be repeated. Commenting on the tastiness of the food or the fact that others liked it is not responding directly to the patient's having eaten the whole meal.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because it acknowledges the patient's achievement of finishing the whole meal, provides positive reinforcement, and invites the patient to make choices for the next meal, encouraging continued compliance with the desired outcome. This response directly reinforces the behavior that was targeted, making it more likely for the patient to repeat the behavior in the future. Choices A, B, and C do not specifically address the patient's accomplishment of eating all the food, therefore they do not provide effective positive feedback for reinforcing the desired behavior.