Nokea
Which food should be avoided by the patient on a low-sodium diet?
- A. Apples
- B. Chicken
- C. Cheese
- D. Broccoli
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cheese is high in sodium and should be avoided by patients on a low-sodium diet. It is a common source of hidden sodium in many diets. Other high-sodium foods that should be limited or avoided include processed meats, canned soups, processed snacks, and condiments. Patients should focus on eating fresh fruits and vegetables, lean proteins like chicken (with no added salt), and whole grains to maintain a low-sodium diet.
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Five girls were victims of wasp and bee bites. Emergency treatment for these includes:
- A. A poultice of sodium bicarbonate and water may give relief
- B. A weak solution of household ammonia also decreases pain and is safe to use
- C. A and B are correct
- D. None of these
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: For emergency treatment of wasp and bee bites, it is essential to follow evidence-based guidelines. The options provided, using a poultice of sodium bicarbonate and water or a weak solution of household ammonia, are not considered effective or safe treatments for wasp and bee stings. The recommended first aid treatment for wasp and bee stings includes:
Seventy-two hours after cardiac surgery, a young child has a temperature of 101° F. Which action should the nurse take?
- A. Keep child warm with blankets.
- B. Apply a hypothermia blanket.
- C. Record temperature on nurses' notes.
- D. Report findings to physician.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A temperature of 101°F after cardiac surgery in a young child, especially 72 hours post-surgery, is a concerning finding that should be reported to the physician. This elevated temperature could indicate infection or another complication following the surgery. It is important for the physician to evaluate the child's condition and determine the appropriate course of action. Simply recording the temperature on nurses' notes or keeping the child warm with blankets is not adequate management in this situation. Applying a hypothermia blanket would also not be appropriate as the child is already febrile. The priority in this scenario is to report the findings to the physician for further assessment and intervention.
A client is undergoing test for multiple myeloma. Diagnostic study findings in multiple Myeloma includes:
- A. A decreased serum creatinine level.
- B. Bence jones protein in the urine.
- C. Hypocalcemia.
- D. A low serum protein level.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Diagnostic study findings in multiple myeloma often include the presence of Bence Jones protein in the urine. Bence Jones protein is a type of abnormal protein (immunoglobulin light chain) produced by the abnormal plasma cells in multiple myeloma. Its presence in the urine can be detected through urine protein electrophoresis and is a characteristic feature of the disease. Other common findings in multiple myeloma include hypercalcemia, elevated serum creatinine level, and high serum protein level due to the excess production of monoclonal immunoglobulins.
The nurse would expect which of the following would be included in the plan of care/
- A. Have the client drink at least 8 glases of water in the first day
- B. Administer NaHCO3 IV as per physician's orders
- C. Continue sodium bicarbonate for nausea
- D. Monitor electrolytes for hypokalemia and hypocalcemia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Monitoring electrolytes for hypokalemia (low potassium levels) and hypocalcemia (low calcium levels) is essential in the plan of care for a client. These electrolyte imbalances can be common in cases of dehydration and vomiting, and they can lead to serious complications if not detected and managed promptly. Hypokalemia can cause cardiac arrhythmias and muscle weakness, while hypocalcemia can lead to neuromuscular irritability and seizures. By monitoring electrolyte levels, the nurse can identify any imbalances early and take necessary interventions to prevent adverse outcomes.
The nurse should expect a client with hypothyroidism to report which health concerns?
- A. Increased appetite and weight loss
- B. Nervousness and tremors
- C. Puffiness of the face and hands
- D. Thyroid gland swelling
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypothyroidism is characterized by an underactive thyroid gland that does not produce enough thyroid hormone. This hormonal imbalance can lead to symptoms such as slow metabolism, weight gain, fatigue, cold intolerance, constipation, and puffiness of the face and hands. The slowed metabolic rate can also cause fluid retention, resulting in the characteristic puffiness associated with hypothyroidism. Increased appetite and weight loss are not typical symptoms of hypothyroidism, as the condition is more commonly associated with weight gain. Nervousness and tremors are more indicative of hyperthyroidism, where the thyroid gland is overactive. Thyroid gland swelling, known as goiter, can occur in various thyroid disorders but is not specific to hypothyroidism.