Nokea
Which vein should be used first when initiating IV therapy?
- A. Jugular
- B. Basilic
- C. Brachiocephalic
- D. Axillary
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When initiating IV therapy, the basilic vein is often used first due to its accessibility and size. The basilic vein is a common choice for venipuncture because it is located on the medial aspect of the arm and tends to be easily palpable. Additionally, the basilic vein is also less prone to complications such as nerve damage compared to other deeper veins like the jugular or brachiocephalic veins. Therefore, utilizing the basilic vein as the initial site for IV therapy is a safe and efficient choice.
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Which vitamin is recommended for all women of childbearing age to reduce the risk of neural tube defects such as spina bifida?
- A. A
- B. C
- C. Niacin
- D. Folic acid
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Folic acid is the correct answer. All women of childbearing age are recommended to take folic acid to reduce the risk of neural tube defects such as spina bifida in their offspring. Neural tube defects occur in the early stages of pregnancy, often before a woman even knows she is pregnant, which is why it is important for all women of childbearing age to ensure they have adequate folic acid intake. Folic acid is a B vitamin that helps the body make new cells and plays a crucial role in the development of the baby's neural tube, which eventually becomes the brain and spinal cord. Adequate folic acid intake before and during pregnancy can significantly reduce the risk of neural tube defects. That's why it is recommended for all women of childbearing age to take a daily folic acid supplement or consume foods fortified with folic acid.
Amy, age 6 years, needs to be hospitalized again because of a chronic illness. The clinic nurse overhears her school-age siblings tell her, "We are sick of Mom always sitting with you in the hospital and playing with you. It isn't fair that you get everything and we have to stay with the neighbors." Which is the nurse's best assessment of this situation?
- A. The siblings are immature and probably spoiled.
- B. Jealousy and resentment are common reactions to the illness or hospitalization of a sibling.
- C. Family has ineffective coping mechanisms to deal with chronic illness.
- D. The siblings need to better understand their sister's illness and needs.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Jealousy and resentment are common reactions among siblings when one child requires more attention due to illness or hospitalization. It is natural for siblings to feel left out, overlooked, or envious of the extra attention the sick child is receiving. These feelings do not necessarily indicate immaturity or being spoiled but rather a normal emotional response to a challenging family situation. It is important for healthcare providers to recognize and address these feelings to support the entire family in coping with the chronic illness of one of their members.
Incomplete development of teeth,bones, and ligaments is the result of:
- A. Congenital hip dysplasia
- B. Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
- C. Osteogenesis imperfecta
- D. Osteomyelitis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Osteogenesis imperfecta, also known as brittle bone disease, is a genetic disorder that affects collagen production, leading to brittle and easily fractured bones. In addition to bone fragility, individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta may also experience teeth abnormalities such as dentinogenesis imperfecta (discolored and weakened teeth) and ligament laxity due to the improper development of connective tissues. This incomplete development of teeth, bones, and ligaments is a characteristic feature of osteogenesis imperfecta, making it the correct choice in this scenario. Congenital hip dysplasia, Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, and osteomyelitis do not typically involve the same constellation of symptoms related to teeth, bones, and ligaments seen in osteogenesis imperfecta.
A male client, age 45, undergoes a lumbar puncture in which CSF was extracted for a particular neurologic diagnostic procedure. After the procedure, he complains of dizziness and a slight headache. Which of the ff steps must the nurse take to provide comfort to the client? Choose all that apply
- A. Position the client flat for at least 3 hrs or as directed by the physician
- B. Encourage a liberal fluid intake
- C. Keep the room well lit and play some soothing music in the ground
- D. Help the client ambulate and perform a few light leg exercises#
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: - **Encourage a liberal fluid intake (B):** It is essential to maintain hydration after a lumbar puncture to help prevent or alleviate a headache, which may occur due to a decrease in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure. Adequate hydration can help reduce the chances of a post-lumbar puncture headache.
Which of the ff values pertaining to different clients shows the normal range of plasma pH?
- A. 7.35-7.45
- B. 8-Jul
- C. 6.35-6.45
- D. 8.35-8.45
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The normal range of plasma pH in the human body typically falls between 7.35 and 7.45. This range is necessary to maintain the body's acid-base balance, which is crucial for normal physiological functioning. Deviations from this range can indicate acidosis (pH < 7.35) or alkalosis (pH > 7.45), both of which can have serious health implications. Therefore, option A (7.35-7.45) represents the normal range of plasma pH among different clients.