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What is the purpose of pursed lip breathing?
- A. Helps exhale less volume of air during expiration
- B. Increases expiration
- C. Promotes effective use of the diaphragm
- D. Relieves compensatory burden on upper thorax
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pursed lip breathing is a breathing technique commonly used to help improve breathing efficiency in individuals with respiratory conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). By pursing the lips during exhalation, it creates back pressure that helps to keep the airways open longer. This results in slower and more controlled expiration, allowing the individual to exhale a smaller volume of air while maintaining adequate oxygen exchange. This can reduce the feeling of dyspnea (difficulty breathing) and help improve oxygen saturation levels in the blood.
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Kasabach-Merritt syndrome is characterized by all the following EXCEPT
- A. thrombocytopenia
- B. microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
- C. coagulopathy
- D. association with infantile hemangiomas
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Kasabach-Merritt syndrome is not typically associated with hemangiomas.
Which of the ff. actions would the nurse include in the plan of care to reduce the symptoms of the patient who has vertigo?
- A. Avoid noises
- B. Encourage fluid intake
- C. Avoid sudden movements
- D. Administer analgesics
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Vertigo is a sensation of spinning or dizziness that can be caused by issues in the inner ear. One of the key strategies in managing vertigo is to avoid sudden movements that can trigger or worsen the symptoms. Sudden movements can disrupt the balance mechanisms in the inner ear and further exacerbate the feeling of dizziness and spinning. By advising the patient to avoid sudden movements, the nurse can help reduce the intensity and frequency of vertigo episodes, promoting greater comfort and quality of life for the patient.
A 2-year-old male child has an asymptomatic right flank mass discovered incidentally by the mother while bathing. Suspicion of Wilms tumor is raised. Of the following, the LEAST likely investigation to be performed in this child is
- A. plain abdominal radiography
- B. computerized tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen
- C. CT scan of the chest
- D. biopsy of the mass
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Biopsy is generally avoided in suspected Wilms tumor to prevent upstaging the disease.
Morphine is given in acute pulmonary edema to redistribute the pulmonary circulation to the periphery by decreasing:
- A. Periphery resistance
- B. Pulmonary capillary pressure
- C. Transudation of fluid
- D. All of the above CARING FOR CLIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Morphine is given in acute pulmonary edema to decrease pulmonary capillary pressure. By reducing pulmonary capillary pressure, morphine helps to redistribute the pulmonary circulation to the periphery, leading to improved oxygenation and decreased symptoms of pulmonary edema. Morphine works to vasodilate the blood vessels, which ultimately helps decrease the pressure in the pulmonary capillaries, allowing for improved blood flow to the periphery of the lungs. This redistribution of pulmonary circulation helps to alleviate the congestion and fluid buildup in the lungs that occurs in acute pulmonary edema.
Poor prognostic factors in Hodgkin lymphoma include all the following EXCEPT
- A. age of more than 15 year at the time of diagnosis
- B. stage IV disease
- C. manifested by positron emission tomography (PET) scan positivity
- D. presence of bulky mediastinal mass
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Older age is generally considered a poor prognostic factor, but not necessarily worse than other listed options.