Nokea
Ms. Kweke’s specific management until delivery (obstructed labour):
- A. Immediate caesarean section
- B. Observation with pain relief
- C. Manual repositioning of fetus
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Immediate caesarean section. In obstructed labor, prompt delivery is crucial to prevent harm to both the mother and the baby. A caesarean section is the most effective and timely intervention to safely deliver the baby and avoid complications such as fetal distress, maternal infection, and uterine rupture. Observation with pain relief (B) may delay necessary intervention, and manual repositioning of the fetus (C) is not sufficient in cases of obstructed labor. Choice D is incorrect because not all options are appropriate in this specific scenario.
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The PRIORITY action to take when nursing a neonate on phototherapy is to
- A. Turn the neonate every six hours routinely
- B. Encourage mother to discontinue breastfeeding
- C. Notify physician if the skin turns bronze-colored
- D. Check the neonate’s vital signs every 2-4 hourly
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Check the neonate’s vital signs every 2-4 hourly. This is the priority action because neonates undergoing phototherapy are at risk for dehydration and temperature instability. Monitoring vital signs regularly helps to detect any signs of dehydration, such as decreased urine output or increased heart rate, and ensures timely intervention.
Explanation for other choices:
A: Turning the neonate every six hours routinely is important for preventing pressure ulcers but is not the priority when compared to monitoring vital signs for potential complications.
B: Encouraging the mother to discontinue breastfeeding is incorrect as breastmilk provides essential nutrients and hydration, which are important for neonates, even during phototherapy.
C: Notifying the physician if the skin turns bronze-colored is important to address a potential adverse reaction to phototherapy but does not take precedence over monitoring vital signs for immediate concerns.
In mild preeclampsia, the mother has no complaints.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
- C. -
- D. -
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: FALSE. In mild preeclampsia, the mother may have symptoms such as mild hypertension, proteinuria, and swelling. This contradicts the statement that the mother has no complaints. Choice A is incorrect because it inaccurately states that the mother has no complaints. Choices C and D are not applicable as they do not provide any relevant information to address the question.
The commonest major cause of primary postpartum haemorrhage is
- A. Trauma of the genital tract
- B. Blood coagulation disorder
- C. Prolonged 3rd stage
- D. Atony of the uterus
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: Atony of the uterus is the most common cause of primary postpartum hemorrhage due to inadequate uterine contractions.
Step 2: Trauma of the genital tract can lead to bleeding but is not as common as atony of the uterus in postpartum hemorrhage.
Step 3: Blood coagulation disorder can contribute to excessive bleeding but is not the primary cause of postpartum hemorrhage.
Step 4: Prolonged 3rd stage can result in postpartum hemorrhage but is typically secondary to uterine atony.
Wernicke’s encephalopathy and Mallory-Weiss syndrome are among the complications of
- A. Placenta praevia
- B. Hypertensive disorders
- C. Vitamin B deficiency
- D. Hyperemesis gravidarum
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why D is correct:
1. Hyperemesis gravidarum is severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy.
2. Prolonged vomiting can lead to electrolyte imbalances and nutritional deficiencies.
3. Vitamin B deficiency, specifically thiamine, can result in Wernicke’s encephalopathy.
4. Mallory-Weiss syndrome can occur due to repeated retching and vomiting.
5. Therefore, hyperemesis gravidarum can lead to both Wernicke’s encephalopathy and Mallory-Weiss syndrome.
Summary:
A: Placenta praevia is related to abnormal placental placement, not vomiting.
B: Hypertensive disorders are associated with high blood pressure, not vomiting-related complications.
C: Vitamin B deficiency can lead to Wernicke’s encephalopathy but is not directly caused by hyperemesis gravidarum.
What are the benefits of ultrasound in monitoring fetal growth?
- A. Detects fetal anomalies
- B. Monitors placental health
- C. Assesses amniotic fluid levels
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. Ultrasound in monitoring fetal growth can detect fetal anomalies by visualizing the fetus in real-time. It can also monitor placental health by assessing blood flow and position. Additionally, ultrasound can assess amniotic fluid levels to ensure proper fetal development. Therefore, all the benefits mentioned in choices A, B, and C are valid reasons why ultrasound is essential in monitoring fetal growth.