Midwifery Exam Practice Questions

Midwifery Exam Practice Questions Related

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Mr. Costigan is a 50-year-old male patient who recently had a screening colonoscopy because it was recommended by his primary care provider as a screening measure. He received a report that noted inflammatory polyps. He is concerned because one of his friends had polyps that turned into cancer. While advising Mr. Costigan, the AGACNP tells him that

  • A. The polyps are considered precancerous, but if he has a colonoscopy every 3 to 5 years, any new polyps can be removed before they become malignant
  • B. The primary danger is when there is a family history of colon cancer; he should discuss with his mother and father the presence of any colon cancer in the family
  • C. There is no chance that these polyps could become cancerous, and their presence does not require any additional action or concern on his part
  • D. He would be best served at this point to discuss with an oncologist the risks and benefits of aggressive versus conservative treatment.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: Family history of colon cancer is a significant risk factor for developing colon cancer.
Step 2: By discussing with his parents, Mr. Costigan can determine if there is a family history of colon cancer.
Step 3: Knowing this information can help assess his own risk and guide appropriate screening and preventive measures.
Step 4: The primary danger for Mr. Costigan lies in potential genetic predisposition rather than the presence of inflammatory polyps.
Step 5: Therefore, discussing with family members about any history of colon cancer is crucial for his overall risk assessment and management.

Summary:
- Choice A is incorrect as the frequency of colonoscopy should be individualized based on the patient's risk factors.
- Choice C is incorrect as all polyps have the potential to become cancerous, especially inflammatory polyps.
- Choice D is incorrect as consulting an oncologist at this stage is premature without first assessing family history.

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Neonatal injury to nerve roots C8 & T1 causes one of the following

  • A. Klumpke’s palsy
  • B. Erb’s palsy
  • C. Phrenic injury
  • D. Radial palsy
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Neonatal injury to nerve roots C8 & T1 leads to Klumpke's palsy due to damage to the lower brachial plexus. This results in weakness of the hand and forearm muscles. Erb's palsy is from injury to C5-C6 roots causing upper brachial plexus damage. Phrenic injury affects the diaphragm due to C3-C5 roots. Radial palsy involves the radial nerve, typically from injury at the spiral groove of the humerus. Therefore, the correct answer is A as it directly correlates with the specific nerve roots affected in Klumpke's palsy.

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome is characterized by underdevelopment of

  • A. Pulmonary veins, ventricles and aortic valve
  • B. Left ventricle, atrium and pulmonary vessels
  • C. Aorta arch, venacava and right atrium
  • D. Left ventricle, aortic valve and arch
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because hypoplastic left heart syndrome involves underdevelopment of the left ventricle, aortic valve, and aortic arch. The left ventricle is typically small and unable to adequately pump blood to the body. The aortic valve is often malformed, leading to difficulties in blood flow from the heart to the body. Additionally, the aortic arch may be narrow or underdeveloped, further impacting blood circulation.

Choice A is incorrect as it includes the pulmonary veins, which are not typically affected in hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Choice B is incorrect as it focuses on the left atrium and pulmonary vessels, which are not the primary structures affected in this condition. Choice C is incorrect as it mentions the aorta arch, venacava, and right atrium, which are not primarily associated with hypoplastic left heart syndrome.

How can Braxton Hicks contractions be differentiated from true labor?

  • A. By timing
  • B. By intensity
  • C. By duration
  • D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D - All of the above. Braxton Hicks contractions can be differentiated from true labor by timing, intensity, and duration. Timing refers to the regularity of contractions, intensity relates to the strength of contractions, and duration indicates how long contractions last. By considering all three factors together, one can determine whether contractions are Braxton Hicks (practice contractions) or true labor contractions. Choices A, B, and C alone provide only partial information, which may lead to misinterpretation. Therefore, choosing all three factors collectively (D) is essential for accurate differentiation.

When counseling a patient about treatment modalities for achalasia, the AGACNP advised that which of the following is the treatment of choice?

  • A. Calcium channel antagonists
  • B. Intrasphincter botulinum injection
  • C. Pneumatic dilation
  • D. Myotomy and partial fundoplication
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale for choice A: Calcium channel antagonists are the treatment of choice for achalasia as they help relax the lower esophageal sphincter, improving swallowing. This is a non-invasive option that can provide symptom relief for many patients.

Summary for other choices:
B: Intrasphincter botulinum injection is a temporary solution and not considered the treatment of choice.
C: Pneumatic dilation is another option for achalasia but is typically used if calcium channel antagonists are ineffective.
D: Myotomy and partial fundoplication is a more invasive surgical option and usually considered if other treatments fail.

Mother-to-child transmission of TB organisms never occurs during labor.

  • A. TRUE
  • B. FALSE
  • C. -
  • D. -
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: TB can be transmitted from an infected mother to her child during labor.
Step 2: The TB bacteria can be present in the mother's respiratory secretions.
Step 3: During labor, the baby can inhale these bacteria and contract TB.
Step 4: Therefore, the statement that mother-to-child transmission of TB organisms never occurs during labor is FALSE.
Summary: Option B is correct because it accurately reflects the possibility of mother-to-child transmission of TB during labor. Option A is incorrect as it contradicts the factual information. Options C and D are not applicable as they provide no information.

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