Nokea
Which client has the highest risk of ovarian cancer?
- A. 30-year old woman taking contraceptives
- B. 45-year old woman who has never been pregnant
- C. 40-year old woman with three children
- D. 36-year old woman who had her first child at age 22
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 45-year old woman who has never been pregnant. The risk of ovarian cancer increases with age and nulliparity (never having been pregnant) is a significant risk factor. The older a woman gets without having been pregnant, the higher her risk of developing ovarian cancer. The other choices do not have as high of a risk factor for ovarian cancer. Choice A, a 30-year old woman taking contraceptives, actually reduces the risk of ovarian cancer. Choice C, a 40-year old woman with three children, and choice D, a 36-year old woman who had her first child at age 22, both have lower risk factors compared to choice B.
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The nurse is interviewing a patient with a hearing deficit. Which area should the nurse use to conduct this interview?
- A. The patient’s room with the door closed
- B. The waiting area with the television turned off
- C. The patient’s room before administration of pain medication
- D. The waiting room while the occupational therapist is working on leg exercises
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because conducting the interview in a quiet environment, such as the waiting area with the television turned off, minimizes background noise and distractions for a patient with a hearing deficit. This setting allows for better communication and ensures that the patient can hear and understand the nurse clearly.
A: Conducting the interview in the patient's room with the door closed may still have background noise from the hallway or other rooms.
C: Conducting the interview before administration of pain medication is not relevant to improving communication for a patient with a hearing deficit.
D: Conducting the interview in the waiting room while the occupational therapist is working on leg exercises introduces additional noise and distractions, making it difficult for the patient to focus on the conversation.
Usually, how does the patient behave after his seizure has subsided?
- A. Most comfortable walking and moving about
- B. Sleeps for a period of time
- C. Becomes restless and agitated
- D. Say he is thirsty and hungry
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sleeps for a period of time. After a seizure, the brain and body experience fatigue and exhaustion. It is common for the patient to feel drowsy and require rest to recover. This post-ictal state is characterized by sleepiness and confusion. The other choices are incorrect because typically, after a seizure, the patient is not most comfortable walking and moving about (A), does not become restless and agitated (C), and may not immediately express thirst and hunger (D). It is important to ensure the patient is in a safe environment and allow them to rest after a seizure episode.
The nurse is instructing a client with newly diagnosed hypoparathyroidism about the regimen used to treat this disorder. The nurse should state that the physician probably will prescribe daily supplements of calcium and:
- A. Folic acid
- B. Potassium
- C. Vitamin D
- D. Iron
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Vitamin D. In hypoparathyroidism, there is a deficiency of parathyroid hormone leading to low calcium levels. Vitamin D helps in the absorption of calcium from the intestines, thus aiding in maintaining normal calcium levels. It is often prescribed along with calcium supplements to support bone health and prevent complications. Folic acid (A) is not directly related to the treatment of hypoparathyroidism. Potassium (B) is not typically prescribed for this condition and can be harmful in high levels. Iron (D) is not directly involved in calcium metabolism and is not part of the standard treatment regimen for hypoparathyroidism.
Which patient would benefit most from a capped IV catheter that is used intermittently rather than continuously?
- A. The patient with pneumonia who needs fluids and antibiotics.
- B. The patient who has had major blood loss after a motor vehicle accident.
- C. The young child who is dehydrated.
- D. The elderly patient who is receiving a diuretic for fluid overload.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, the elderly patient receiving a diuretic for fluid overload. This patient would benefit most from a capped IV catheter used intermittently because diuretics can lead to fluctuations in fluid balance that require careful monitoring and adjustment of IV fluids. By using the catheter intermittently, healthcare providers can better control the amount of fluid administered to prevent electrolyte imbalances.
Option A is incorrect because a patient with pneumonia requiring fluids and antibiotics would likely benefit from a continuous IV to maintain stable levels of medications and hydration. Option B is incorrect as a patient with major blood loss would require continuous IV fluids to restore blood volume. Option C is incorrect as a dehydrated young child would also benefit from continuous IV fluids to rehydrate effectively.
When teaching a client about insulin therapy, the nurse should instruct the client to avoid which over-the- counter preparation that can interact with insulin?
- A. Antacids
- B. Vitamins with irons
- C. Acetaminophen preparations
- D. Salicylate preparations
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Salicylate preparations. Salicylate can potentiate the effects of insulin, leading to hypoglycemia. Therefore, the nurse should instruct the client to avoid this over-the-counter preparation when on insulin therapy. Antacids (A), vitamins with iron (B), and acetaminophen preparations (C) do not typically interact with insulin in a significant way.