Nokea
Which of the ff vessels is often used for grafting?
- A. The basic and cephalic veins in the arm
- B. The internal mammary and internal thoracic arteries in the chest
- C. The saphenous vein in the leg
- D. The radial artery in the arm
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the internal mammary and internal thoracic arteries in the chest are commonly used for grafting due to their size, durability, and long-term patency. These arteries have a better track record for successful grafting procedures compared to the other options. The basic and cephalic veins in the arm (Option A) are typically used for venous procedures, not arterial grafting. The saphenous vein in the leg (Option C) is also commonly used for grafting, but the internal mammary and internal thoracic arteries are preferred for their better outcomes. The radial artery in the arm (Option D) is less commonly used for grafting compared to the internal mammary and internal thoracic arteries.
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The clinical manifestations of Parkinson’s disease (bradykinesia rigidity and tremors) is directly related to a decreased level of:
- A. Acetylcholine
- B. Serotonin
- C. Dopamine
- D. Phenylalanine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: Parkinson's disease is characterized by dopamine deficiency in the brain, leading to motor symptoms like bradykinesia, rigidity, and tremors. Dopamine is crucial for controlling movement. Acetylcholine (A) is not directly related to Parkinson's symptoms. Serotonin (B) is involved in mood regulation, not movement control. Phenylalanine (D) is an amino acid and not directly related to Parkinson's pathology. Therefore, the correct answer is C.
An adult is on a clear liquid diet. Which food item can be offered/
- A. Milk
- B. Orange juice
- C. Jello
- D. Ice cream
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Jello. A clear liquid diet includes transparent liquids that do not contain any solid particles, providing easily digestible nutrients. Jello meets these criteria as it is a clear, gelatin-based dessert that melts into a liquid form at room temperature.
Rationale:
1. Jello is a clear liquid that does not contain solid particles, making it suitable for a clear liquid diet.
2. Milk (A) and ice cream (D) are not considered clear liquids as they contain fats and proteins, which are not allowed on a clear liquid diet.
3. Orange juice (B) contains pulp and fibers, making it unsuitable for a clear liquid diet.
Summary:
Jello is the correct choice because it meets the criteria of being a clear liquid without solid particles. Milk, orange juice, and ice cream are not appropriate choices for a clear liquid diet due to their composition.
In the operating room, personnel should be responsible for ensuring cleanliness, proper temperature, humidity, and lighting. Who carries those responsibilities?
- A. circulating nurse
- B. scrub nurse
- C. surgeon
- D. anesthesiologist
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: circulating nurse. The circulating nurse is responsible for maintaining cleanliness, ensuring proper temperature, humidity, and lighting in the operating room. They coordinate activities, manage supplies, and ensure a safe environment for the surgical team. The scrub nurse assists the surgeon with instruments and supplies, not environmental conditions. The surgeon's main focus is on performing the surgery, not environmental management. The anesthesiologist is responsible for administering anesthesia and monitoring the patient's vital signs, not the operating room environment.
for pain management. When applying a new system, the nurse should:
- A. Press the system in place for 30 to 60 seconds.
- B. Choose a site on the lower torso.
- C. Shave the application site before use.
- D. Apply the system immediately after removal from a package.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale:
A: Pressing the system in place for 30 to 60 seconds helps ensure proper adhesion and absorption of the medication. This step is crucial for the effectiveness of the pain management system.
B: Choosing a site on the lower torso is not necessary for applying the system. The site selection should be based on guidelines and patient preference.
C: Shaving the application site is not recommended unless specifically indicated. It is not a standard step for applying a pain management system.
D: Applying the system immediately after removal from a package may not allow the adhesive to fully activate, affecting its efficacy. It is important to follow the recommended steps for proper application.
Mr. Sison had an above the knee amputation (AKA). He is taught to use crutches while prosthesis is being adjusted. The nurse instruct the client to support her weight primarily on which areas?
- A. axilla
- B. upper arms
- C. elbows
- D. hands
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: axilla. When using crutches, weight should primarily be supported on the axilla to prevent nerve and blood vessel damage in the armpit area. Supporting weight on the upper arms (B) can lead to nerve compression and muscle strain. Supporting weight on the elbows (C) can cause nerve damage and discomfort. Supporting weight on the hands (D) can lead to hand and wrist pain and may not provide stable support. Therefore, the axilla is the most appropriate area to support weight while using crutches to ensure safety and comfort for the client.