Nokea
The normal life expectancy for 50% of patients ith amyotropic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is:
- A. 3 years
- B. 10 years
- C. 5 years
- D. 20 years
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C (5 years) because ALS is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disease. The median life expectancy for most ALS patients is around 3-5 years from the onset of symptoms. Choice A (3 years) is too short for 50% of patients. Choice B (10 years) and Choice D (20 years) are longer than the typical life expectancy for ALS patients, making them incorrect. The progression of ALS varies among individuals, but statistically, 50% of patients would be expected to live around 5 years after diagnosis.
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A male client recently underwent a surgical procedure for a malignant tumor. As a result of the surgery, his urine is diverted to a stomal pouch. What should the nurse suggest so that he remains odor free.
- A. Eating spicy foods
- B. Drinking cranberry juice
- C. Eating eggs, asparagus, or cheese
- D. Drinking tea, coffee and colas
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Drinking cranberry juice. Cranberry juice is known to help reduce urinary odor due to its acidic nature which can help eliminate bacteria that cause odor. It also helps to maintain urinary tract health. The other choices are incorrect because:
A: Eating spicy foods can actually increase body odor and may not have any impact on urinary odor.
C: Foods like eggs, asparagus, or cheese may contribute to strong body odor but do not specifically address urinary odor.
D: Drinking tea, coffee, and colas can potentially worsen urinary odor due to their caffeine content and impact on urinary tract health.
A client has been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. When teaching the client and family how diet and exercise affect insulin requirements, the nurse should include which guideline?
- A. “You’ll need more insulin when you exercise or increase your food intake.”
- B. “You’ll need less insulin when you exercise or reduce your food intake.”
- C. “You’ll need less insulin when you increase your intake.”
- D. “You’ll need more insulin when you exercise or decrease your food intake.”
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: “You’ll need more insulin when you exercise or increase your food intake.” In type 1 diabetes, exercise and increased food intake can lead to increased glucose levels, requiring more insulin to maintain blood sugar control. Increasing physical activity can enhance insulin sensitivity, necessitating adjustments in insulin dosage. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the physiological response in type 1 diabetes. B suggests needing less insulin when exercising, which is inaccurate as physical activity can lower blood sugar levels. C implies needing less insulin with increased food intake, which is incorrect as more food can lead to higher glucose levels. D suggests needing more insulin when decreasing food intake, which is not necessarily true as lower food intake can result in lower glucose levels.
The nurse will monitor J.E. for the following signs and symptoms:
- A. Change in the levei of consciousness, tachypnea, tachycardia, petechiae
- B. Onset of chest pain, tachycardia, diaphoresis, nausea and vomiting
- C. Loss of consciousness, bradycardia, petechiae, and severe leg pain
- D. Change in leve! of consciousness, bradycardia, chest pain and oliguria
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A.
1. Change in level of consciousness is crucial in assessing neurological status.
2. Tachypnea indicates possible respiratory distress or oxygenation issues.
3. Tachycardia may suggest a cardiovascular problem or inadequate perfusion.
4. Petechiae can be a sign of bleeding disorders or sepsis.
Option B is incorrect because chest pain, diaphoresis, and nausea/vomiting are more indicative of a cardiac event rather than monitoring for J.E.'s signs and symptoms.
Option C is incorrect because loss of consciousness, bradycardia, and leg pain do not align with the signs and symptoms to monitor for J.E.
Option D is incorrect because bradycardia, chest pain, and oliguria are not as comprehensive as the signs and symptoms listed in option A for monitoring J.E.
Which statement, from a participant attending the class on AIDS prevention, indicates an understanding on how to reduce transmission of HIV?
- A. Mother’s who are HIV positive should still be encouraged to breastfeed their babies because beast milk is superior to cow’s milk
- B. I think a needle exchange program, where clean needles are exchanged for dirty needles, should be offered in every city
- C. Females taking birth control pills are protected from getting HIV
- D. It’s okay to use natural skin condoms since they offer the same protection as the latex condoms
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. This statement shows an understanding of reducing HIV transmission by promoting harm reduction strategies like needle exchange programs, which help prevent sharing of contaminated needles. This approach is evidence-based and effective in reducing the spread of HIV among injection drug users.
Choice A is incorrect because breastfeeding by HIV-positive mothers can transmit the virus to infants. Choice C is incorrect as birth control pills do not protect against HIV, only against pregnancy. Choice D is incorrect as natural skin condoms do not provide the same level of protection against HIV as latex condoms do.
Which method of data collection will the nurse use to establish a patient’s database?
- A. Reviewing the current literature to determine evidence-based nursing actions
- B. Checking orders for diagnostic and laboratory tests
- C. Performing a physical examination
- D. Ordering medications
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Performing a physical examination. This method allows the nurse to directly gather data from the patient's body, such as vital signs, appearance, and overall health status. It provides essential information to establish a patient's database, including baseline values and potential health issues.
Reviewing current literature (A) helps in decision-making but does not directly establish a patient's database. Checking orders for tests (B) and ordering medications (D) are part of the treatment process and do not focus on gathering initial patient data.