Nokea
What is the primary role of community health nurses in disaster preparedness?
- A. Developing emergency response plans
- B. Providing direct patient care
- C. Coordinating care among various providers
- D. Conducting health screenings
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The primary role of community health nurses in disaster preparedness is developing emergency response plans. This is because they play a crucial role in planning and organizing community resources to effectively respond to disasters. Providing direct patient care (B) and conducting health screenings (D) are important activities but not the primary role in disaster preparedness. Coordinating care among various providers (C) is also significant, but developing emergency response plans takes precedence in ensuring a coordinated and efficient response during disasters.
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In value-based care, which equation represents the focus on achieving the best outcomes relative to cost?
- A. Cost X Quality
- B. Cost X Quality/Consumer satisfaction
- C. Quality/Cost
- D. Fee for service/discount rate
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (C): In value-based care, the main goal is to achieve the best outcomes relative to cost. This is represented by the equation Quality/Cost. Quality divided by Cost indicates the emphasis on maximizing outcomes while minimizing costs, aligning with the principles of value-based care. By focusing on Quality/Cost, healthcare providers aim to deliver high-quality care efficiently and effectively.
Summary of Incorrect Choices:
A (Cost X Quality): This equation focuses on the product of cost and quality, rather than the relationship between outcomes and cost.
B (Cost X Quality/Consumer satisfaction): Consumer satisfaction is not explicitly related to achieving the best outcomes relative to cost in value-based care.
D (Fee for service/discount rate): This choice is not relevant to measuring and optimizing outcomes in value-based care.
Why is environmental health more challenging than other variables related to an individual's health?
- A. Environmental health affects susceptible individuals more than groups.
- B. Environmental health demands that individuals be willing to change their beliefs.
- C. Environmental health is dependent on social neighborhoods and geography.
- D. Environmental health requires social, economic, and political changes to improve.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because environmental health issues are complex and interconnected with social, economic, and political factors. Improving environmental health often involves addressing systemic issues and implementing large-scale changes. This includes policies, regulations, and community initiatives. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because environmental health impacts both individuals and groups, requires more than just individual behavior change, and goes beyond just social neighborhoods and geography.
Which term refers to the personal characteristics and risks of a group within a community?
- A. Aggregate of people
- B. Location in space and time
- C. Social system
- D. Census tract
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Aggregate of people. The term refers to the personal characteristics and risks of a group within a community because an aggregate refers to a collection of individuals sharing common features or characteristics. In this context, it implies that the group's personal characteristics and risks are being viewed as a whole.
Why the other choices are incorrect:
- B: Location in space and time: This refers to the physical positioning of a group within a specific geographical area during a particular period, not focusing on personal characteristics and risks.
- C: Social system: This term refers to the interconnected parts of a society, such as institutions and relationships, rather than specific personal characteristics and risks.
- D: Census tract: This term refers to a geographic area defined for the purpose of taking a census, not specifically addressing personal characteristics and risks of a group within a community.
One of the first steps in community assessment may involve the community health nurse driving or walking through an area and making observations about such things as environmental layout and location of agencies, hospitals, industries, and so forth. This is called a(n):
- A. Census survey.
- B. Needs survey.
- C. Informant survey.
- D. Windshield survey.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Windshield survey. This is because a windshield survey involves physically driving or walking through a community to observe its environmental layout, location of agencies, hospitals, industries, and other key features. This step helps the community health nurse to gain an initial understanding of the community's resources, strengths, and potential health issues.
A: Census survey involves collecting demographic data, not direct observation.
B: Needs survey focuses on identifying community health needs through specific data collection methods.
C: Informant survey involves gathering information from key community members, not direct observation.
In summary, the windshield survey is the appropriate choice as it aligns with the description of physically observing the community to gather initial information.
The public health nurse partners with the American Heart Association to develop NYS public policy priority statements to promote the expansion of the Double Up Food Bucks program. Which area and intervention on the Minnesota Public Health Wheel do these actions most closely align?
- A. Counseling - Blue wedge
- B. Advocacy - Yellow wedge
- C. Outreach - Red wedge
- D. Screening - Red wedge
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Advocacy - Yellow wedge. Advocacy involves working to influence policies, laws, and regulations to improve health outcomes for communities. In this scenario, partnering with the American Heart Association to develop public policy statements aligns with advocacy as it aims to promote the expansion of the Double Up Food Bucks program through policy change. This action directly impacts the social and economic factors affecting health, making it an advocacy intervention. Choices A, C, and D do not involve influencing policies or advocating for systemic changes, making them incorrect in this context.