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Using APCAR Score, Nurse Lyca should bear in mind that this method of evaluating a newborn 's Condition is used at how many minutes after birth?
- A. 1 to 10
- B. 1 to 7
- C. 1 to 3
- D. 1 to 5
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The APCAR (Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration) score is used to evaluate a newborn's condition in the first few minutes after birth. This assessment typically occurs within the first 1 to 3 minutes after the baby is born. The score helps healthcare providers quickly assess the baby's overall well-being and determine if any immediate interventions or further monitoring are necessary.
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Which of the following terms refers to the process by which antibodies coat the surface of pathogens, marking them for destruction by phagocytes or complement proteins?
- A. Opsonization
- B. Neutralization
- C. Agglutination
- D. Precipitation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Opsonization refers to the process by which antibodies bind to the surface of pathogens, marking them for destruction by phagocytes or complement proteins. This coating of antibodies enhances the ability of the immune system to recognize and eliminate the pathogens effectively. Phagocytes (such as macrophages and neutrophils) are better able to engulf and digest pathogens that have been opsonized, as the antibodies attached to the pathogen surface signal to the phagocytes that they are foreign invaders. This process is crucial in the body's immune response to infections and helps in clearing pathogens from the system.
Who among the following is the BEST to sign an informed consent during a surgical procedure of a child at the health center?
- A. A 26 year old brother who is a drug addict
- B. A father who is 40 years old and illiterate
- C. A sister, 21 years old but undergoing dialysis
- D. A mother, 35 years old with on and off seizure illiterate person can sign the surgical consent form with an "X."
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In this scenario, the mother, who is 35 years old and illiterate but with on and off seizure, is the best candidate to sign the informed consent for a surgical procedure for the child. The mother is the primary caregiver and decision-maker for the child in most cases, and her relationship to the child is most crucial in this situation. Despite her illiteracy, she can still comprehend the importance of the procedure for her child's well-being. Additionally, accommodations can be made for an illiterate person to sign the consent form by using an "X" as a signature. It is important that the person signing the consent form has a clear understanding of the risks and benefits involved, as well as the ability to make decisions in the best interest of the child.
During a support group meeting, Nurse Donato, in a teasing manner, has made several provocative remarks about your appearance and behavior as a group leader. Select your MOST appropriate response.
- A. "Donato, see me after this meeting"
- B. "Donato, you are excused from the group"
- C. "What do you think Donato is trying to tell us?"
- D. "Donato, what are you saying is inappropriate"
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Choosing option D, "Donato, what you are saying is inappropriate," is the most appropriate response in this situation. It directly addresses Nurse Donato's behavior without escalating the situation or being overly confrontational. By calmly pointing out that the remarks are inappropriate, you are setting a boundary and letting Nurse Donato know that such behavior is not acceptable in a professional setting. This response also signals to the rest of the group that you are aware of the inappropriate comments and are taking action to address them. It is important to address such behavior professionally and assertively to maintain a respectful and supportive environment during the support group meeting.
A patient presents with painless, progressive visual field loss, particularly in the peripheral vision, in both eyes. Gonioscopy reveals an open iridocorneal angle. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?
- A. Open-angle glaucoma
- B. Closed-angle glaucoma
- C. Age-related macular degeneration
- D. Diabetic retinopathy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The presentation of painless, progressive visual field loss, especially in the peripheral vision, along with an open iridocorneal angle is characteristic of open-angle glaucoma. Open-angle glaucoma is a type of glaucoma where there is no physical obstruction to the outflow of aqueous humor from the eye, but there is gradual damage to the optic nerve over time. The gradual loss of peripheral vision is a common early symptom of open-angle glaucoma. It is essential to diagnose and manage open-angle glaucoma promptly to prevent irreversible vision loss.
Which of the following would the nurse expect to see as symptoms in a child with ADHD?
- A. Moody, sullen and pouting behavior
- B. Interrupts others and can't take turns
- C. Excessive running, climbing and. fidgeting
- D. Easily distracted and forgetful
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Children with ADHD often display hyperactive and impulsive behaviors, such as excessive running, climbing, and fidgeting. These behaviors are characteristic symptoms of the hyperactive-impulsive subtype of ADHD. Children with ADHD may struggle to sit still, have difficulty engaging in quiet activities, and often seem on the go. Therefore, the nurse would expect to see signs of excessive movement and restlessness in a child with ADHD.