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What is the BEST urine sample to be used for an accurate result of pregnancy test done at home?
- A. First-voided evening urine
- B. First-voided morning urine
- C. Mid-afternoon urine sample
- D. Random urine sample
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: First-voided morning urine is the best urine sample to be used for an accurate result of a pregnancy test done at home because it is more concentrated compared to urine samples collected at other times of the day. Overnight, the hCG hormone (human chorionic gonadotropin) builds up in a woman's body, making the early morning urine more likely to contain higher levels of hCG if a woman is pregnant. The concentrated nature of first-morning urine reduces the chances of false-negative results since it provides a higher concentration of the hormone that the test is designed to detect. Therefore, using first-morning urine increases the sensitivity of the pregnancy test and improves the accuracy of the results.
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Weight loss and Malnutrition are commonly observed among patients with COPD. They should be taught to avoid ______.
- A. have full stomach even when in dyspneic condition
- B. keeping body mass between 21-25 kg./m
- C. a high caloric and high protein diet
- D. exercise one hour before and after eating
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Patients with COPD often experience dyspnea, which makes it difficult for them to breathe. When they have a full stomach, their diaphragm is compressed, which can further increase difficulty in breathing. Teaching patients with COPD to avoid having a full stomach even when in dyspneic condition is important to prevent exacerbation of breathing problems. It is advisable for them to have small, frequent meals to ensure adequate nutrition without compromising their ability to breathe comfortably.
One of the patients is manifesting signs and symptoms of alcohol withdrawal such as: tremors, diaphoresis, and hyperactivity. Blood pressure is 190/92 mm.Hg and pulse rate of 92 beats/min. Which of the following medications should you expect to be ordered for these patients?
- A. Lorazepam ( Ativan )
- B. Haloperidol ( Haldol )
- C. Naloxone ( Narcan )
- D. Benztropin ( Cogentin )
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The patient is exhibiting signs and symptoms of alcohol withdrawal, such as tremors, diaphoresis, hyperactivity, elevated blood pressure, and tachycardia. Lorazepam, which is a benzodiazepine, is commonly used to manage alcohol withdrawal symptoms. It helps alleviate symptoms such as anxiety, agitation, tremors, and seizures by acting on the same brain receptors affected by alcohol. It has sedative, anxiolytic, and anticonvulsant properties which can help stabilize the patient and prevent potential complications of alcohol withdrawal, such as seizures. Haloperidol is an antipsychotic medication used for conditions like schizophrenia and acute psychosis; therefore, it would not be appropriate for alcohol withdrawal. Naloxone is used to reverse opioid overdose, and Benztropin is used to treat Parkinson's disease and extrapyramidal symptoms, so they are not indicated for alcohol
Which of the following is the PRIORITY action of the nurse for Sonny who is on Oxygen therapy?
- A. Check the flow.
- B. Connect the flow meter to the pipe in oxygen outlet
- C. Turn on the oxygen .
- D. Attach the humidifier and connecting tubing to the oxygen delivery device.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Checking the flow of oxygen is the priority action because it ensures that Sonny is receiving the correct amount of oxygen prescribed by the healthcare provider. Before connecting the flow meter to the oxygen outlet, turning on the oxygen, or attaching the humidifier, it is crucial to verify that the flow rate is appropriate for Sonny's condition. Monitoring and adjusting the oxygen flow will help maintain the desired oxygen saturation levels and prevent potential complications related to oxygen therapy.
This theory categorizes professionals as Novice to experts is by ______.
- A. Benner
- B. Pender
- C. Abdellah
- D. Kings
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The theory that categorizes professionals as Novice to experts is by Patricia Benner. Patricia Benner developed the Novice to Expert model, which describes how individuals progress through five levels of proficiency in a skill or field. The five levels are Novice, Advanced Beginner, Competent, Proficient, and Expert. Benner's model is widely used in nursing education and research to understand how nurses develop their clinical skills and expertise over time.
A patient presents with well-demarcated, erythematous plaques with silvery scales on the trunk and extensor surfaces of the limbs. The patient reports a family history of similar skin lesions. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?
- A. Pityriasis rosea
- B. Psoriasis
- C. Erythema multiforme
- D. Lichen planus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The patient's presentation of well-demarcated, erythematous plaques with silvery scales on the trunk and extensor surfaces of the limbs is classic for psoriasis. Additionally, the family history of similar skin lesions further supports the diagnosis of psoriasis, as it is a condition with a genetic predisposition. Pityriasis rosea typically presents with a herald patch followed by oval, scaly lesions in a Christmas tree pattern. Erythema multiforme is characterized by target-like lesions. Lichen planus presents as purple, polygonal, flat-topped papules that may have fine white lines on their surface known as Wickham striae.