Nokea
A patient presents with a pruritic, annular rash with fine scaling and central clearing, affecting the trunk and proximal extremities. The patient reports recent exposure to a new soap and laundry detergent. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?
- A. Tinea corporis (ringworm)
- B. Nummular eczema
- C. Pityriasis rosea
- D. Lichen planus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The presentation described is consistent with nummular eczema, also known as discoid eczema. Nummular eczema typically presents as circular or oval-shaped patches of eczematous rash with fine scaling and central clearing. It is often pruritic and can be triggered by exposure to irritants such as new soaps or laundry detergents. The distribution on the trunk and proximal extremities is also typical for nummular eczema. Tinea corporis (ringworm) would present with a more raised, scaly, and well-defined border with central clearing. Pityriasis rosea presents with a herald patch followed by smaller oval or round lesions in a "Christmas tree" distribution. Lichen planus would present with polygonal, purplish, flat-topped papules typically located on flexural surfaces and extremities.
You may also like to solve these questions
A nurse administers the wrong medication to a patient and the patient is harmed. The physician who ordered the medication did not read the documentation that the patient was allergic to the drug. Which statement is true regarding liability for the administration of the wrong medication?
- A. The nurse is not responsible, because the nurse was merely following the doctor's orders.
- B. Only the nurse is responsible, because the nurse actually administered the medication.
- C. Only the physician is responsible, because the physician actually ordered the drug.
- D. Both the nurse and the physician are responsible for their respective actions.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In a situation where a nurse administers the wrong medication to a patient resulting in harm, both the nurse and the physician can be held liable for their respective roles in the error. The nurse is responsible for administering the incorrect medication, which is a violation of their duty to provide safe and appropriate care. However, the physician is also responsible because they failed to review the patient's documentation indicating the allergy to the medication before ordering it. As healthcare professionals, both the nurse and the physician have a duty of care to ensure patient safety, and in this case, both individuals failed in their responsibilities, leading to the harm caused to the patient. Therefore, both the nurse and the physician can be held accountable for the error.
A patient admitted to the ICU develops severe sepsis with refractory hypotension despite adequate fluid resuscitation. What intervention should the healthcare team prioritize to manage the patient's septic shock?
- A. Administer vasopressor medications to restore vascular tone.
- B. Perform blood cultures to identify the causative pathogen.
- C. Initiate broad-spectrum antibiotics targeting likely pathogens.
- D. Recommend prophylactic anticoagulation to prevent thrombosis.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the scenario described, the patient is experiencing refractory hypotension despite adequate fluid resuscitation, indicating the presence of septic shock. In septic shock, systemic vasodilation and vascular hyporesponsiveness contribute to hypotension. Therefore, the primary management approach is to restore vascular tone and blood pressure to maintain organ perfusion. Administering vasopressor medications (Choice A) is the crucial intervention to achieve this goal. Vasopressors, such as norepinephrine or vasopressin, constrict blood vessels and increase blood pressure, helping to stabilize the patient in septic shock. While options B and C (performing blood cultures and initiating broad-spectrum antibiotics) are important for identifying the causative pathogen and treating the infection, they are secondary to the immediate need for hemodynamic support in septic shock. Prophylactic anticoagulation (Choice D) is not the primary intervention for
Which of the following actions is appropriate when managing a patient with a suspected heat stroke?
- A. Administering warm intravenous fluids.
- B. Applying ice packs to the patient's skin.
- C. Encouraging the patient to drink cold water rapidly.
- D. Removing the patient from the hot environment and cooling the body.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When managing a patient with a suspected heat stroke, the appropriate action is to remove the patient from the hot environment and start cooling the body. Heat stroke is a medical emergency that can be life-threatening if not promptly treated. Cooling the body is essential to lower the core body temperature as quickly as possible. Ice packs should not be directly applied to the skin as they can cause vasoconstriction and may actually hinder heat dissipation. Administering warm intravenous fluids and encouraging the patient to drink cold water rapidly are also not recommended in the initial management of a heat stroke. The priority is to cool the patient down and seek medical attention immediately.
In writing the IR, which of the following is not included?
- A. Who was / were involved?
- B. What daily medications are given to the patient
- C. What happened?
- D. Who witnessed the incident?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The IR (Incident Report) typically focuses on the details surrounding an incident or event, such as what happened, who was/were involved, and who witnessed the incident. Information about daily medications given to the patient is not usually included in an incident report, unless it directly relates to the incident itself (e.g., medication error). The primary focus of an incident report is to document the incident in a clear and factual manner for record-keeping and analysis purposes.
The patient asked Nurse Vera when is the best time to visit the clinic for her 1st prenatal care. Which should be the APPROPRIATE answer of the nurse?
- A. Second trimester
- B. Third trimester
- C. Before delivery
- D. First trimester
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The best time to visit the clinic for the first prenatal care is during the first trimester of pregnancy, ideally before the 12th week. This is because early prenatal care is crucial for monitoring the health of both the mother and the developing baby, identifying any risk factors or complications early on, and initiating important interventions such as prenatal vitamins and screenings. By starting prenatal care early in the first trimester, potential issues can be identified and addressed promptly, leading to better pregnancy outcomes. It is important for pregnant women to seek early prenatal care to ensure a healthy pregnancy and delivery.