Nokea
Which of the following immune cells is primarily responsible for coordinating and regulating immune responses by producing cytokines that direct the activities of other immune cells?
- A. T helper cells (Th cells)
- B. Cytotoxic T cells (CTLs)
- C. B cells
- D. Natural killer (NK) cells
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: T helper cells (Th cells) are primarily responsible for coordinating and regulating immune responses by producing cytokines that direct the activities of other immune cells. These cytokines help in activating cytotoxic T cells, B cells, macrophages, and other cells involved in the immune response. Th cells play a crucial role in mounting an effective immune response against infections and diseases by providing the necessary signals to activate and control various immune cells. Thus, T helper cells are considered the central coordinators of the immune system.
You may also like to solve these questions
Should the nurse encounter patients who are stressed due to their health condition, the BEST way to communicate is through which one of the following?
- A. Sympathizing
- B. Sharing
- C. Empathizing
- D. Listening
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When encountering patients who are stressed due to their health condition, the best way for a nurse to communicate is through empathizing. Empathy involves understanding and sharing the feelings of another person, which can help the nurse connect with the patient on an emotional level. Empathizing allows the nurse to show genuine care and concern for the patient's well-being, fostering a trusting and supportive relationship. This approach can help alleviate the patient's stress and make them feel understood and supported during a difficult time. Sympathizing and sharing may come across as insincere or minimize the patient's experiences, while listening is important but combining it with empathy enhances the overall communication experience.
During a patient consultation, the nurse notices the patient seems anxious and is avoiding eye contact. What is the most appropriate action for the nurse to take?
- A. Continue with the consultation without addressing the patient's behavior.
- B. Ask the patient if they are feeling anxious and if they would like to talk about it.
- C. Ignore the patient's behavior and focus solely on the medical information.
- D. Tell the patient to relax and stop being anxious.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The most appropriate action for the nurse to take when noticing that the patient seems anxious and is avoiding eye contact is to ask the patient if they are feeling anxious and if they would like to talk about it. This approach shows empathy, concern, and openness to addressing the patient's emotional state. By directly acknowledging the patient's behavior and giving them the opportunity to express their feelings, the nurse can create a supportive and caring environment that promotes effective communication and trust between the patient and healthcare provider. It is important to consider the patient's emotional well-being alongside their physical health during consultations.
A patient is prescribed an anticoagulant for the prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Which laboratory parameter should the nurse monitor closely during anticoagulant therapy?
- A. Platelet count
- B. International normalized ratio (INR)
- C. Serum sodium levels
- D. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse should monitor the International Normalized Ratio (INR) closely during anticoagulant therapy for the prevention of VTE. The INR measures the clotting ability of the blood and is used to monitor the effectiveness of anticoagulant therapy, such as warfarin. Maintaining the INR within the target therapeutic range is crucial to prevent both excessive bleeding due to over-anticoagulation and clotting events due to under-anticoagulation. Close monitoring of the INR helps healthcare providers adjust the anticoagulant dosage as needed to ensure optimal therapeutic outcomes and minimize risks. Platelet count, serum sodium levels, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) are important laboratory parameters to monitor for other medical conditions but are not specific to anticoagulant therapy.
What PRIORITY precautionary measure should be done by the nurse during the oxygen therapy?
- A. Limit visitors.
- B. Attach "No Smoking" signage
- C. Check humidifler's water regularly.
- D. Connect bait to oxygen tank.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Checking the humidifier's water regularly is the priority precautionary measure that should be done by the nurse during oxygen therapy. Maintaining adequate water in the humidifier ensures proper humidification of the oxygen delivered to the patient, helping prevent mucous membrane dryness and irritation. Dry mucous membranes can lead to discomfort, increased risk of infection, and potential damage to the respiratory system. Therefore, ensuring the humidifier's water level is appropriate is crucial for the safety and well-being of the patient receiving oxygen therapy. Limiting visitors, attaching "No Smoking" signage, and connecting the bait to the oxygen tank are important precautions as well, but checking the humidifier's water is the priority measure in this scenario.
Which medication will be prescribed to control and maintain the blood pressue of patients at normal level?
- A. Lidocaine
- B. Amlodipine
- C. Epinephrine
- D. Furosemide
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Amlodipine is a medication commonly prescribed to control and maintain blood pressure at normal levels. It belongs to a class of drugs known as calcium channel blockers, which work by relaxing and widening blood vessels, making it easier for the heart to pump blood around the body. This ultimately helps to lower blood pressure and reduce the workload on the heart, decreasing the risk of cardiovascular events like heart attacks and strokes. Lidocaine, Epinephrine, and Furosemide are not typically used for controlling and maintaining blood pressure within normal limits.