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The nurse discusses and shares the medical records of Mr. Steve to a group of visiting members of a medical mission team. Which of the following rights could be violated? the right to
- A. Expect that all communications and record pertaining to his care should be treated as confidential.
- B. Obtain information regarding any relationships of the hospital to another health care and educational
- C. Informed consent
- D. Privacy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse sharing Mr. Steve's medical records with a group of visiting members of a medical mission team violates his right to expect that all communications and records pertaining to his care should be treated as confidential. Patient confidentiality is a fundamental ethical principle in healthcare that protects a patient's privacy and sensitive information. Sharing medical records without the patient's consent breaches this confidentiality and can lead to legal and ethical consequences. It is important for healthcare providers to maintain the confidentiality of patient information to uphold trust between patients and healthcare professionals.
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A patient receiving palliative care for end-stage amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) experiences difficulty swallowing and expresses concerns about choking. What intervention should the palliative nurse prioritize to address the patient's concerns?
- A. Encourage the patient to avoid eating solid foods to prevent choking.
- B. Refer the patient to a speech therapist for swallowing exercises and techniques.
- C. Administer sedative medications to reduce anxiety related to choking fears.
- D. Recommend inserting a feeding tube for nutritional support.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The most appropriate intervention for a patient with difficulty swallowing due to end-stage ALS and concerns about choking is to refer the patient to a speech therapist for swallowing exercises and techniques (Choice B). Speech therapists are trained to assess and manage swallowing difficulties in patients, especially those with neurodegenerative diseases like ALS. They can provide specific exercises and strategies to help the patient swallow safely and reduce the risk of choking. This intervention focuses on addressing the underlying issue causing the difficulty swallowing and aims to improve the patient's quality of life by enhancing their ability to eat and drink. The other options are not as effective or appropriate in addressing the patient's concerns.
A patient presents with redness, pain, and photophobia in the left eye. Slit-lamp examination reveals ciliary injection, corneal edema, and a mid-dilated pupil with fixed reaction to light. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?
- A. Anterior uveitis
- B. Acute angle-closure glaucoma
- C. Endophthalmitis
- D. Corneal abrasion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The presentation described in the question is characteristic of anterior uveitis. Anterior uveitis is inflammation of the iris and ciliary body in the eye. Patients typically present with symptoms such as redness, pain, and photophobia. Slit-lamp examination findings include ciliary injection (redness and engorgement of blood vessels in the ciliary body), corneal edema (swelling of the cornea), and a mid-dilated pupil with a fixed reaction to light due to involvement of the iris muscles. These features differentiate anterior uveitis from other conditions. Treatment of anterior uveitis may involve topical steroids and cycloplegics to reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms.
A patient presents with redness, pain, and photophobia in the left eye. Slit-lamp examination reveals ciliary injection, corneal edema, and a mid-dilated pupil with fixed reaction to light. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?
- A. Anterior uveitis
- B. Acute angle-closure glaucoma
- C. Endophthalmitis
- D. Corneal abrasion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The presentation described in the question is classic for anterior uveitis. Anterior uveitis is an inflammatory condition affecting the iris and ciliary body and is characterized by redness, pain, and photophobia. Slit-lamp examination typically reveals ciliary injection (redness around the iris), corneal edema, and a mid-dilated pupil with a fixed reaction to light due to inflammation causing spasm of the iris muscles. Acute angle-closure glaucoma would present with similar symptoms but would also have increased intraocular pressure, which is not mentioned in the presentation. Endophthalmitis is an infection of the intraocular cavities and would typically present with more severe symptoms, such as severe pain, vision loss, and presence of pus in the eye. Corneal abrasion would present with pain, foreign body sensation, and possibly tearing but would not cause ciliary injection or fixed pupil reaction as
To remove the ingested poisonous substance, the physician ordered a gastric lavage. What is the role of the nurse immediately prior to the procedure?
- A. Get the right size of the nasogastric tube
- B. Remind parents to be careful next time
- C. Obtain an informed consent immediately
- D. Tell the parent that they are negligent
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Prior to a gastric lavage procedure, it is essential for the nurse to ensure the correct size of the nasogastric tube is selected. The appropriate size of the tube will allow for effective removal of the ingested poisonous substance during the procedure. Proper sizing also helps in preventing complications such as injury to the gastrointestinal tract or inadequate removal of the substance. This step is crucial for the safe and successful completion of gastric lavage. Reminding parents to be careful, obtaining informed consent immediately, or accusing them of negligence are not immediate responsibilities of the nurse in this context.
A primigravida at 39 weeks gestation presents to the labor and delivery unit with contractions every 5 minutes, lasting 45 seconds each. On examination, her cervix is dilated to 3 cm. What is the appropriate nursing intervention?
- A. Encourage the mother to walk to facilitate labor progression.
- B. Administer oxytocin to augment labor.
- C. Prepare for cesarean section.
- D. Encourage relaxation techniques to manage pain.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The appropriate nursing intervention in this case is to encourage the mother to walk to facilitate labor progression. The patient is in early labor with contractions every 5 minutes, lasting 45 seconds each, and her cervix is dilated to 3 cm. Encouraging the mother to walk can help gravity assist the descent of the baby and promote cervical dilation. Walking can also help alleviate some discomfort and encourage labor progression. It is important to promote natural, non-invasive methods to support the progress of labor before considering medical interventions such as oxytocin or cesarean section. Relaxation techniques can also be beneficial in managing pain during labor.