Adult Health Nursing Answer Key

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Which of the following is a common complication associated with long-term corticosteroid use in patients with rheumatoid arthritis?

  • A. Osteoporotic fracture
  • B. Osteonecrosis of the femoral head
  • C. Avascular necrosis of the talus
  • D. Septic arthritis
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Long-term corticosteroid use in patients with rheumatoid arthritis can lead to osteoporosis, which is a common complication. Osteoporosis causes weakening of the bones, increasing the risk of fractures, particularly in weight-bearing bones such as the hip, spine, and wrist. Osteoporotic fractures are a significant concern in patients on long-term corticosteroid therapy, highlighting the importance of monitoring bone health and considering preventive measures such as calcium, Vitamin D supplementation, and regular bone density testing. While osteonecrosis of the femoral head and avascular necrosis of the talus can also occur as complications of corticosteroid use, osteoporotic fractures are more commonly associated with this type of therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Septic arthritis, on the other hand, is not directly related to corticosteroid use but can occur due to other factors such as joint infections.

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A nurse is resistant to the change and is not taking an active part in facilitating the process of change. Which is the BEST approach in dealing with the nurse?

  • A. Exert coercion on the nurse
  • B. Provide a positive reward system for the nurse
  • C. Talk and encourage verbalizing feelings of the change
  • D. Ignore the resistance of the nurse.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The best approach in dealing with a nurse who is resistant to change and not actively participating is to communicate and encourage verbalizing feelings about the change. By talking with the nurse and allowing them to express their concerns and feelings, you can address any underlying issues that may be causing the resistance. This approach can help build trust, improve communication, and ultimately increase the nurse's engagement in the change process. Coercion (Choice A) can create negative feelings and resistance, while ignoring the nurse's resistance (Choice D) will not resolve the issue. Providing positive rewards (Choice B) may be helpful but may not address the underlying reasons for resistance. Communication is key in addressing resistance to change and fostering a positive, open environment for all involved.

As a nurse you are guided that pain is usually described BEST as a phenomenon which is a ________.

  • A. Neurologic activation nociceptors
  • B. Subjective unpleasant experience
  • C. Adaptive mechanism to a stimulus
  • D. Creation of one's imagination
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Pain is best described as a subjective unpleasant experience because it is unique to each individual and is influenced by a variety of factors including emotional, psychological, and cultural elements. Pain cannot be objectively measured or quantified, and therefore it is considered a subjective experience that is reported by the person experiencing it. This is why pain is often assessed using self-report scales and tools to capture the individual's perception of their pain intensity and quality.

"Informed consent" in this study will be obtained by Myra from the

  • A. six participants only
  • B. parents only
  • C. six participants and available relative
  • D. six participants and their parents
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Informed consent is a critical ethical requirement in research involving human participants. In this study scenario, it is crucial that both the participants and their parents provide consent. The involvement of the parents is important, especially when the participants are minors or vulnerable individuals who may not fully understand the study's implications or risks. By obtaining consent from both the participants and their parents, researchers can ensure that everyone involved is aware of what participation in the study entails, including any potential risks or benefits. This approach upholds the principles of autonomy, respect for individuals, and ethical research conduct.

Which law declares that the policy of the State is to promote and upgrade the practice of profession in the country?

  • A. RA 7164
  • B. Code of Ethics
  • C. RA 9173
  • D. RA 10912
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: RA 9173, also known as the Philippine Nursing Act of 2002, is the law that declares the State policy to promote and upgrade the practice of the nursing profession in the Philippines. This law provides for the regulation and maintenance of high standards of nursing education and practice in the country. It aims to ensure the welfare and professional growth of Filipino nurses and to safeguard the health of the public by maintaining competency and professionalism in the nursing profession. Therefore, RA 9173 is the correct choice that reflects the State's policy to promote and upgrade the practice of the nursing profession in the Philippines.

A woman in active labor experiences persistent fetal malposition, with the fetus in a transverse lie presentation. What nursing intervention should be prioritized to address this abnormal labor presentation?

  • A. Facilitating external cephalic version (ECV)
  • B. Assisting the mother into a hands-and-knees position
  • C. Preparing for immediate instrumental delivery
  • D. Initiating continuous electronic fetal monitoring
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: When a woman in active labor experiences persistent fetal malposition, such as a transverse lie presentation, assisting the mother into a hands-and-knees position is a nursing intervention to prioritize. This position can help encourage the fetus to rotate into a more favorable position for delivery, such as a head-down position. By placing the mother in a hands-and-knees position, gravity can assist in shifting the fetus to the correct position. This intervention is non-invasive and can be effective in promoting the progress of labor and avoiding the need for more invasive interventions like instrumental delivery or cesarean section. However, if the fetus does not rotate or if there are signs of fetal distress, further interventions may be necessary.

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