ATI Medical Surgical Proctored Exam

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A healthcare professional is assessing a client with rheumatoid arthritis. Which assessment finding is most characteristic of this disease?

  • A. Asymmetrical joint involvement
  • B. Heberden's nodes
  • C. Morning stiffness lasting more than 30 minutes
  • D. Pain that worsens with activity
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Morning stiffness lasting more than 30 minutes. This is characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis due to the inflammatory nature of the disease. The prolonged morning stiffness is a hallmark feature, reflecting the systemic inflammation present in rheumatoid arthritis. This symptom is not typically seen in osteoarthritis, which rules out options A and B. Pain that worsens with activity is more indicative of osteoarthritis as opposed to rheumatoid arthritis, making option D incorrect.

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A nursing assistant asks why the client with a chronically low phosphorus level needs so much assistance with activities of daily living. What is your best response?

  • A. “The client's low phosphorus is probably due to malnutrition.”
  • B. “The client is just worn out from not getting enough rest.”
  • C. “The client's skeletal muscles are weak because of the low phosphorus.”
  • D. “The client will do more for herself when her phosphorus is normal.”
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Low phosphorus levels impair energy production in cells, leading to muscle weakness and fatigue, which explains the need for assistance.

What is the primary treatment for a corneal abrasion?

  • A. Patch the eye
  • B. Topical antibiotics
  • C. Surgical repair
  • D. Analgesics
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Topical antibiotics prevent infection while the cornea heals naturally.

Match the following data with the assessment technique used to obtain the information.

  • A. Normal blood flow through arteries
  • B. Abnormal blood flow in carotid artery
  • C. Tympany of the abdomen
  • D. Pitting edema
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct match depends on the technique: Auscultation detects normal/abnormal blood flow, percussion reveals tympany, and palpation identifies pitting edema.

Priority Decision: Upon admission of a patient to the PACU, the nurse's priority assessment is

  • A. vital signs.
  • B. surgical site.
  • C. respiratory adequacy.
  • D. level of consciousness.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Respiratory adequacy is critical immediately postoperatively to ensure oxygenation and ventilation.

When planning care, what factors should the nurse consider when utilizing evidence-based practice (EBP)? (Select ONE that does not apply)

  • A. Cost-saving measures
  • B. Nurse's expertise
  • C. Client preferences
  • D. Research findings
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cost-saving measures. When utilizing evidence-based practice, the nurse should prioritize providing care based on research findings, considering client preferences, and leveraging their expertise. Cost-saving measures should not be the primary factor influencing care decisions as the focus should be on delivering the most effective and appropriate care based on evidence. Ignoring research findings, client preferences, or the nurse's expertise could compromise the quality of care provided. Thus, cost-saving measures are not a factor to consider when planning care with evidence-based practice.

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