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Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between ethical principles and laws?
- A. The government enforces ethics.
- B. Laws guide decision making by setting standards.
- C. Ethics are highly detailed.
- D. Ethical principles can serve as the foundation for laws.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because ethical principles can indeed serve as the foundation for laws. Laws often reflect societal ethical values and principles. Ethical principles provide a moral framework that lawmakers may use to create laws that promote justice and fairness. By basing laws on ethical principles, societies aim to uphold shared values and promote good conduct. In contrast, A is incorrect as the government enforces laws, not ethics. B is incorrect because laws are legal rules, not ethical principles. C is incorrect as ethics are principles of right and wrong, not necessarily highly detailed.
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Which of the following are managerial functions, according to Mintzberg? (EXCEPT)
- A. Leading and linking at the people level
- B. Communicating and controlling at the information level
- C. Deciding pay structures
- D. Doing at the action level
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Deciding pay structures. According to Mintzberg, managerial functions involve planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Deciding pay structures falls under the domain of human resource management, not traditional managerial functions. A, B, and D align with Mintzberg's managerial functions as they involve aspects of leading, communicating, controlling, and taking actions within an organization.
What is the primary goal of discharge planning?
- A. Reducing readmission rates
- B. Improving patient outcomes
- C. Ensuring continuity of care
- D. Ensuring medication adherence
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The primary goal of discharge planning is to ensure continuity of care. This involves coordinating the transition of care from the hospital to the next level of care to prevent gaps in treatment and promote a smooth recovery process. Option A focuses solely on readmission rates, which is not the sole purpose of discharge planning. Option B is a broad goal that is encompassed within ensuring continuity of care. Option D, while important, is just one aspect of the overall goal of ensuring continuity of care. Thus, option C is the correct answer as it encompasses all aspects of discharge planning.
Which nursing action can the nurse delegate to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) working in the diabetic clinic?
- A. Measure the ankle-brachial index.
- B. Check for changes in skin pigmentation.
- C. Assess for unilateral or bilateral foot drop.
- D. Ask the patient about symptoms of depression.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, "Measure the ankle-brachial index." This task involves using a blood pressure cuff and Doppler ultrasound to assess blood flow in the lower extremities, which is within the scope of practice for UAPs. It is a non-invasive procedure that does not require specialized training.
Choice B, "Check for changes in skin pigmentation," involves assessing for potential skin changes related to circulation issues, which requires more in-depth knowledge and interpretation than what UAPs are trained for.
Choice C, "Assess for unilateral or bilateral foot drop," involves evaluating muscle strength and nerve function, which requires clinical judgment and knowledge beyond the scope of UAP practice.
Choice D, "Ask the patient about symptoms of depression," involves assessing mental health and requires communication skills and training that UAPs do not typically have.
Which of the following is one of the positive benefits of conflict within an organization?
- A. Conflict leads to compromise on values and beliefs.
- B. Conflict leads to intergroup competition.
- C. Conflict helps people recognize differences and motivates people towards improved performance.
- D. Conflict always leads to a win-win resolution.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because conflict can help individuals recognize differences and perspectives, leading to increased understanding and motivation for improved performance. Conflict can stimulate creativity and innovation, encouraging teams to consider different viewpoints and solutions. It does not always result in a win-win resolution (D) as conflicts can have winners and losers. Compromising on values and beliefs (A) is not a positive outcome of conflict, as it may undermine organizational integrity. Intergroup competition (B) may escalate conflicts and hinder collaboration.
Which of the following is a key principle of the patient-centered care model?
- A. Healthcare provider satisfaction
- B. Cost reduction
- C. Patient autonomy
- D. Provider convenience
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Patient autonomy. Patient-centered care emphasizes the importance of involving patients in their own healthcare decisions, respecting their preferences, values, and needs. This principle ensures that patients are active participants in their care, leading to improved health outcomes and patient satisfaction.
Incorrect choices:
A: Healthcare provider satisfaction - While important, patient-centered care focuses on the patient's experience and outcomes rather than the provider's satisfaction.
B: Cost reduction - While costs are a consideration in healthcare delivery, patient-centered care prioritizes the patient's well-being over cost savings.
D: Provider convenience - Patient-centered care does not prioritize provider convenience; instead, it prioritizes meeting the individual needs and preferences of the patient.