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Which statement is true regarding the shortage of nurses in the United States?
- A. There are a larger proportion of younger nurses in the workforce as compared with older nurses.
- B. As a result of decreased RN-to-patient ratios, there is a decrease in patient mortality in the clinical setting.
- C. Nursing programs are turning away qualified applicants.
- D. There are adequate classroom and clinical facilities for training RNs.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The statement that nursing programs are turning away qualified applicants is true regarding the shortage of nurses in the United States. Despite the growing demand for healthcare services and the critical need for more nurses, nursing schools across the country face challenges in accepting all qualified applicants due to a shortage of nursing faculty, limited clinical space, and budget constraints. This bottleneck in nursing education and training contributes to the shortage of nurses in the workforce. As a result, many potential nursing students who are qualified and interested in pursuing a career in nursing are being turned away from programs, exacerbating the shortage.
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A client has been prescribed adjuvant tamoxifen therapy. What common side effect might she experience?
- A. Weight gain, hot flashes, and blood clots
- B. Vomiting, weight loss, and hair loss
- C. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
- D. Hot flashes, weight gain, and headaches
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Common side effects of tamoxifen include hot flashes, weight gain, and blood clots. Other side effects like nausea and hair loss are not typical.
The nurse is assessing a 42-year-old patient who presents to the gynecology office with complaints of pelvic pressure, backaches, menorrhagia, and urinary frequency. The health care provider has diagnosed the patient with leiomyoma of the uterus. What are the treatment options for this condition? Select all that apply.
- A. Routine pelvic examinations to assess rate of disease process
- B. Oral contraceptives to control the bleeding and pain
- C. Myomectomy for women who desire pregnancy
- D. Hysterectomy for women who do not desire pregnancy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: - Oral contraceptives are a common treatment option for leiomyoma of the uterus to help control the bleeding and pain associated with the condition.
What type of mastectomy removes the entire breast but leaves the chest wall intact?
- A. total simple mastectomy
- B. modified radical mastectomy
- C. skin-sparing mastectomy
- D. nipple-sparing mastectomy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A total simple mastectomy is a type of mastectomy that removes the entire breast, including the breast tissue, nipple, and areola, but it leaves the chest wall muscles intact. In this procedure, the lymph nodes under the arm (axillary lymph nodes) are not typically removed. The total simple mastectomy is usually performed when the breast cancer is small and localized, and there is no evidence of spread to the surrounding lymph nodes or chest wall. This surgery is considered less extensive than other types of mastectomies, such as modified radical mastectomy, skin-sparing mastectomy, or nipple-sparing mastectomy, which involve different levels of tissue removal.
The microscopic examination of scrapings from the cervix, endocervix, or other mucous membranes to detect premalignant or malignant cells is called what?
- A. Bimanual palpation
- B. Rectovaginal palpation
- C. Papanicolaou (Pap) test
- D. Four As procedure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Pap test is used to detect cancer and should be performed regularly depending on the client's age.
What is a patient statement that indicates effective teaching after a new diagnosis of nonlactational mastitis?
- A. “I will avoid wearing a bra until I feel better.”
- B. “I should take steps to stop smoking cigarettes.”
- C. “Applying an ice pack to my breasts can help reduce pain.”
- D. “I should take the prescribed antibiotics until I feel better.”
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The statement "I should take the prescribed antibiotics until I feel better" indicates effective teaching after a new diagnosis of nonlactational mastitis. Nonlactational mastitis is commonly treated with antibiotics to help clear up the infection. It is crucial for the patient to follow the prescribed antibiotic regimen as directed by their healthcare provider to ensure the infection is fully treated and to prevent it from worsening or recurring. Compliance with the antibiotic treatment plan is essential for successful management of nonlactational mastitis.