Ethical Issues in Maternal Newborn Nursing

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The nurse is interviewing a patient who is 6-weeks pregnant. The patient asks the nurse, “Why is elective abortion considered such an ethical issue?” Which response by the nurse is most appropriate? N R I G B.C M

  • A. Abortion requires third-parUty cSonseNnt. T O
  • B. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that life begins at conception.
  • C. Abortion law is unclear about a woman’s constitutional rights.
  • D. There is a conflict between the rights of the woman and the rights of the fetus.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The most appropriate response by the nurse is that there is a conflict between the rights of the woman and the rights of the fetus when discussing elective abortion as an ethical issue. This response highlights the ethical dilemma involved in abortion, where one must consider the rights and autonomy of the pregnant woman as well as the potential rights of the fetus. Ethical debates often revolve around balancing these conflicting rights and interests, making elective abortion a complex and sensitive issue. It acknowledges the ethical implications of abortion without making definitive statements or legal references like the other options.

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Five different viruses (A, B, C, D, and E) account for almost all cases of hepatitis infections. Which statement regarding the various forms of hepatitis is most accurate?

  • A. Vaccine exists for hepatitis C virus (HCV) but not for HBV.
  • B. HAV is acquired by eating contaminated food or drinking polluted water.
  • C. HBV is less contagious than HIV.
  • D. Incidence of HCV is decreasing.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: HAV is transmitted via contaminated food or water, whereas vaccines exist for HBV but not for HCV.

What fatty acids (classified as hormones) are found in many body tissues with complex roles in many reproductive functions?

  • A. GnRH
  • B. Prostaglandins (PGs)
  • C. FSH
  • D. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Prostaglandins (PGs) affect smooth muscle contraction and changes in the cervix.

A nurse is caring for a patient who states she is experiencing a thin vaginal discharge with a strong fishy odor. What test does the nurse prepare?

  • A. whiff test
  • B. vaginal culture
  • C. urine culture
  • D. blood test
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A nurse caring for a patient who presents with a thin vaginal discharge with a strong fishy odor should prepare for performing a whiff test. The whiff test, also known as the amine or sniff test, is used to aid in the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis (BV). BV is a common vaginal infection characterized by an overgrowth of harmful bacteria in the vagina and can cause symptoms like thin, grayish-white discharge with a strong fishy odor.

Which laboratory testing is used to detect the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

  • A. HIV screening
  • B. HIV antibody testing
  • C. Cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) counts
  • D. Cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8) counts
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: HIV antibody tests confirm the presence of the virus.

The nurse is assessing a 64-year-old female patient. The patient states that she is able to reduce the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs) by drinking a quart of cranberry juice a day. Which health condition, if present in this patient, contraindicates the use of cranberry juice?

  • A. Hypertension, managed with lisinopril
  • B. Diabetes type 1, managed with insulin
  • C. Atrial fibrillation, managed with warfarin
  • D. COPD, managed with inhaled steroids
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Cranberry juice has the potential to interact with warfarin, a common blood thinner prescribed for conditions such as atrial fibrillation. Cranberry juice contains components that can inhibit the metabolism of warfarin in the body, leading to an increased risk of bleeding. Therefore, patients taking warfarin should avoid or limit their intake of cranberry juice to prevent potential negative interactions. In this case, the patient's use of warfarin to manage atrial fibrillation contraindicates the consumption of cranberry juice in large quantities. It is essential to consult a healthcare provider before making any changes to the diet, especially when taking medications that may interact with certain foods or beverages.

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