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Which statement related to the condition of endometriosis is most accurate?
- A. Endometriosis is characterized by the presence and growth of endometrial tissue inside the uterus
- B. It is found more often in African-American women than in Caucasian or Asian women
- C. Endometriosis may worsen with repeated cycles or remain asymptomatic and disappear after menopause
- D. It is unlikely to affect sexual intercourse or fertility
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Endometriosis is the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus and may cause symptoms such as painful intercourse and infertility. It can worsen with repeated cycles or remain asymptomatic.
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Which statement regarding chromosomal abnormalities is most accurate?
- A. Chromosomal abnormalities occur in approximately 10% of newborns.
- B. Abnormalities of number are the leading cause of pregnancy loss.
- C. Down syndrome is a result of an abnormal chromosomal structure.
- D. Unbalanced translocation results in a mild abnormality that the child will outgrow.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aneuploidy is an abnormality of number that is also the leading genetic cause of mental retardation. Chromosomal abnormalities occur in fewer than 1% of newborns. Down syndrome is the most common form of a trisomal abnormality, an abnormality of chromosome number (47 chromosomes). Unbalanced translocation is an abnormality of chromosomal structure that often has serious clinical effects.
Which viral sexually transmitted infection is characterized by a primary infection followed by recurrent episodes?
- A. Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2)
- B. HPV
- C. HIV
- D. CMV
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: HSV-2 causes genital herpes with initial painful lesions and recurrent outbreaks that are usually milder.
What fatty acids (classified as hormones) are found in many body tissues with complex roles in many reproductive functions?
- A. GnRH
- B. Prostaglandins (PGs)
- C. FSH
- D. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Prostaglandins (PGs) affect smooth muscle contraction and changes in the cervix.
Which statement is the most complete and accurate description of medical abortions?
- A. Medical abortions are performed only for maternal health.
- B. They can be achieved through surgical procedures or with drugs.
- C. Medical abortions are mostly performed in the second trimester.
- D. They can be either elective or therapeutic.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Medical abortions can be either elective (the woman's choice) or therapeutic (for maternal or fetal health). They are typically performed in the first trimester using medication.
The nurse is providing care to the 35-year-old female patient at the family practice clinic who is in the office for her annual physical examination. Which tests should the nurse recommend are the most appropriate for this patient? Select all that apply.
- A. Papanicolaou test every 5 years
- B. Mammogram every 2 years
- C. DEXA screen every 2 years
- D. HPV every 5 years
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A. Papanicolaou test (Pap smear) every 5 years - This test is recommended for cervical cancer screening in women aged 30-65 years old. It helps in early detection and prevention of cervical cancer.