Nokea
The bone cell type that breaks down the bone matrix is:
- A. Osteocytes
- B. Osteoclasts
- C. Osteoblasts
- D. Osteoprogenitor
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Osteoclasts. Osteoclasts are bone cells responsible for breaking down the bone matrix through a process called bone resorption. They secrete enzymes and acids that dissolve the mineralized matrix, allowing for bone remodeling and repair. Osteocytes (A) are mature bone cells that help maintain bone tissue. Osteoblasts (C) are responsible for bone formation by synthesizing new bone matrix. Osteoprogenitor cells (D) are undifferentiated cells that can differentiate into osteoblasts. Therefore, the correct answer is B as osteoclasts specifically break down the bone matrix.
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The physician diagnoses a 3-cm cyst in the ovary of a 28-year-old patient. You expect the initial treatment to include
- A. initiating hormone therapy.
- B. scheduling a laparoscopy to remove the cyst.
- C. examining the patient after her next menstrual perio
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because examining the patient after her next menstrual period allows for monitoring the cyst's size and nature. This approach is conservative and avoids unnecessary interventions like hormone therapy or surgery. Monitoring the cyst over time can help determine if it is benign or requires further treatment. Initiating hormone therapy (choice A) is not necessary at this point and may not address the cyst. Scheduling a laparoscopy to remove the cyst (choice B) is invasive and premature without first observing the cyst's behavior. Waiting for the next menstrual period allows for a more informed decision-making process based on the cyst's response to hormonal changes.
Which patient is most likely to develop osteoporosis?
- A. A 50-year-old patient on estrogen therapy
- B. A 55-year-old patient with a sedentary lifestyle
- C. A 65-year-old patient who walks 2 miles each day
- D. A 60-year-old patient who takes supplemental calcium
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Osteoporosis is more common in individuals with sedentary lifestyles due to decreased bone density from lack of weight-bearing exercise. Choice A on estrogen therapy may have lower risk. Choice C, who exercises, has a reduced risk. Choice D with calcium intake may help prevent osteoporosis but not as effective as weight-bearing exercise.
A benign breast condition that includes dilation and inflammation of the collecting ducts is known as
- A. fibroadenom
- C. ductal ectasi
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, ductal ectasia. This condition involves dilation and inflammation of the collecting ducts in the breast. Fibroadenoma (choice A) is a benign tumor composed of glandular and connective tissue. Choices B and D do not provide relevant information related to the dilation and inflammation of breast ducts. Therefore, they are incorrect choices.
Which concern is included in the plan of care for the patient who receives HPV (human papillomavirus) vaccine?
- A. It is available in oral form.
- B. It involves a series of two injections.
- C. Injections should be given over a 3-month perio
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because the HPV vaccine is typically administered in a series of injections over a 6-month period, not 3 months as stated in the question. This timeframe is important to ensure the patient receives the full benefit of the vaccine. Choice A is incorrect because the HPV vaccine is not available in oral form. Choice B is incorrect as the HPV vaccine series usually consists of two or three injections, not just two. Choice D is incomplete and does not provide any relevant information.
The greater vestibular glands are also called _____ glands.
- A. Bartholin
- B. Cowper
- C. Skene
- D. Huntington
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The greater vestibular glands are also known as Bartholin's glands.