Nokea
Breastfeeding in the immediate postpartum period can improve uterine contractions because of the release of
- A. prolactin
- B. oxytocin
- C. human chorionic gonadotropin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Oxytocin released during breastfeeding stimulates uterine contractions, aiding in involution.
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The inner part of the intervertebral disc is called the:
- A. Nucleus fibrosus
- B. Annulus fibrosus
- C. Nucleus pulposus
- D. Annulus pulposus
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Nucleus pulposus. The nucleus pulposus is the inner gel-like core of the intervertebral disc that provides cushioning and flexibility. It consists of water, proteoglycans, and cells. The annulus fibrosus (choice B) is the outer ring of tough fibrous tissue surrounding the nucleus pulposus. Nucleus fibrosus (choice A) and Annulus pulposus (choice D) are not anatomically correct terms and do not describe the inner part of the intervertebral disc.
Choose the girl who is most likely to have secondary amenorrhea.
- A. Amanda, 15 years old, who is trying out for the school track team for girls
- B. Brittney, 17 years old, who is preparing for a national gymnastic tournament
- C. Chloe, 16 years old, who controls type 1 diabetes mellitus with insulin
- D. Deanna, 16 years old, who is a member of an Irish dance team
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Intense physical activity and low body fat, common in gymnasts, can lead to secondary amenorrhea due to hormonal imbalances.
Failure of closure of the cranial neural pore causes:
- A. Anencephaly
- B. Hydrocephaly
- C. Hydrocephalus
- D. Chiari malformation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The failure of closure of the cranial neural pore leads to anencephaly due to the incomplete development of the brain and skull. This results in the absence of a major portion of the brain, skull, and scalp. Hydrocephaly (B) is the abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the brain's ventricles, not caused by the cranial neural pore closure. Hydrocephalus (C) is the same as hydrocephaly. Chiari malformation (D) is a condition where brain tissue extends into the spinal canal, unrelated to the cranial neural pore closure.
A woman who is charting her basal temperature during her cycle notes a sudden increase of 0.6°F in her waking temperature on the 15th day of her menstrual cycle. Which hormone is the cause of this finding?
- A. FSH
- B. Progesterone
- C. Estrogen
- D. Prostaglandin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Progesterone. On the 15th day of the menstrual cycle, the woman would have ovulated, leading to the release of the egg and the formation of the corpus luteum. The corpus luteum produces progesterone, which causes an increase in basal body temperature. FSH (A) is responsible for stimulating the growth of ovarian follicles, not the temperature increase. Estrogen (C) levels peak before ovulation but do not cause the post-ovulation temperature rise. Prostaglandin (D) is involved in various physiological processes but not directly related to the basal temperature increase post-ovulation.
Sticky, greenish black stool is considered characteristic of
- A. a newborn infant
- B. a breastfed infant
- C. a formula fed infant
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Meconium, the first stool of a newborn, is sticky and greenish-black.