Nokea
If a new mother presents with irritation of the nipple and verbalizes discomfort during breastfeeding, it is most likely that the infant is
- A. latching to both the nipple and the areola
- B. latching only to the nipple, with the nipple ending at the infant's soft palate
- C. latching only to the nipple, with the nipple ending at the infant's hard palate
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Improper latch leads to nipple pain and ineffective feeding.
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Dichorionic-diamniotic twins result from separation of embryonic cells at the:
- A. Four-cell stage
- B. Blastocyst stage
- C. Implantation stage
- D. Trilaminar disc stage
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Four-cell stage. Dichorionic-diamniotic twins occur when the embryo splits into two separate embryos very early in development, typically at the four-cell stage. At this stage, each embryo will have its own chorion and amnion, leading to separate placentas and amniotic sacs. Choices B, C, and D occur later in development and do not result in the formation of two separate embryos with their own chorion and amnion, making them incorrect for the scenario of dichorionic-diamniotic twins.
Testosterone is responsible for the development of which of the following? Select all that apply.
- A. The male reproductive organs
- B. Male secondary sex characteristics
- C. Male muscle mass
- D. Male height
Correct Answer:
Rationale: Correct Answer: A, B, and C
Rationale:
A: Testosterone is crucial for the development of male reproductive organs such as the testes and prostate gland.
B: Testosterone plays a key role in the development of male secondary sex characteristics like facial hair and deepening of voice.
C: Testosterone contributes to the growth and maintenance of male muscle mass, influencing strength and physical performance.
Summary of Incorrect Choices:
D: Testosterone does not directly affect male height. Height is primarily determined by genetics and growth hormone levels.
The drug-exposed infant is most likely to have symptoms of withdrawal in the newborn period after chronic intrauterine exposure to
- A. caffeine
- B. marijuana
- C. oxycodone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Opioids like oxycodone can cause neonatal abstinence syndrome, characterized by withdrawal symptoms.
The normal testicular temperature necessary for its optimal functioning is around _______ below the normal body temperature:
- A. 2-3°C
- B. 4-5°C
- C. 33-36°C
- D. 31-34°C
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 2-3°C below the normal body temperature. Testicles need to be slightly cooler than the body's normal temperature for optimal functioning. This slight decrease in temperature helps in maintaining the viability of sperm production. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because a greater deviation from the body's normal temperature would be detrimental to sperm production. B: 4-5°C is too much of a decrease, while C: 33-36°C and D: 31-34°C are higher than the normal body temperature, which would hinder sperm production.
When suspecting an ovarian cyst on the basis of abdominal pain, what other causes need to be ruled out due to the severity of the condition? Select all that apply.
- A. ectopic pregnancy
- B. inflamed appendix
- C. ovarian torsion
- D. submucosal fibroid
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: The correct answer is A, B, and C.
A: Ectopic pregnancy can present similarly to an ovarian cyst with abdominal pain. It is a life-threatening emergency due to the risk of rupture.
B: Inflamed appendix can mimic symptoms of an ovarian cyst, such as lower abdominal pain. Appendicitis can lead to serious complications without prompt treatment.
C: Ovarian torsion can cause sudden, severe abdominal pain similar to that of an ovarian cyst. It requires immediate medical attention to prevent ovarian damage or necrosis.
D: Submucosal fibroid is a benign growth in the uterus and would not typically cause symptoms that mimic an ovarian cyst.