Normal Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Pelvis

Normal Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Pelvis Related

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The olfactory nerves go through the ______ to enter the cranial cavity:

  • A. Foramen ovale
  • B. Cribriform plate
  • C. Foramen spinosum
  • D. Superior orbital fissure
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cribriform plate. The olfactory nerves pass through the cribriform plate, which is a part of the ethmoid bone located in the anterior cranial fossa. This structure contains numerous small perforations that allow the olfactory nerve fibers to pass through and enter the cranial cavity, specifically the olfactory bulb. The other choices, A, C, and D, are incorrect because the foramen ovale is located in the sphenoid bone and transmits the mandibular nerve, the foramen spinosum transmits the middle meningeal artery, and the superior orbital fissure transmits structures like the oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, and ophthalmic nerve, but not the olfactory nerves.

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If a nursing neonate has a 5:1 suck/swallow ratio, this indicates

  • A. non-nutritive suckling
  • B. normal suckling
  • C. fast but adequate suckling
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A 5:1 ratio reflects coordinated sucking and swallowing, indicative of efficient feeding.

The nutritional supplement given to women to prevent neural tube defects is

  • A. folic acid
  • B. magnesium
  • C. iron
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Folic acid supplementation reduces the risk of neural tube defects when taken preconceptionally and during early pregnancy.

What question is most important for the nurse to ask a patient who presents with pelvic pain for the past year?

  • A. Is the pain associated with having a bowel movement or passing urine?
  • B. Have you had any unexplained weight loss?
  • C. Have you tried taking ibuprofen or acetaminophen?
  • D. Do you have many sexual partners?
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because determining if the pain is associated with bowel movements or urination can help identify potential causes such as gastrointestinal or genitourinary issues. This information can guide further assessment and treatment.

Choice B is incorrect as unexplained weight loss is not directly related to pelvic pain assessment. Choice C is incorrect as asking about pain relief medication does not address the underlying cause of the pelvic pain. Choice D is incorrect as the number of sexual partners is not the most relevant question when assessing pelvic pain unless specific symptoms suggest a sexually transmitted infection.

All of the following are elements of the postpartum breast assessment EXCEPT:

  • A. firmness, tenderness, and redness
  • B. engorgement and nipple soreness/cracking
  • C. lumps indicating possible cancerous growths
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Lumps indicating possible cancerous growths are not typically part of a routine postpartum breast assessment.

A young woman is giving her menstrual history to the nurse. She is concerned about a short-lived pain that sometimes occurs on either the right or left side of her lower abdomen about 2 weeks before her period is due to begin. What is the nurse’s best response?

  • A. “This pain is probably related to ovulation and is not uncommon.”
  • B. “The pain may be caused by abnormal hormone levels, so the levels should be checked.”
  • C. “Don’t worry, this is to be expected in young women.”
  • D. “There might be some structural abnormality that should be assessed further.”
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: "This pain is probably related to ovulation and is not uncommon." This response is the best because the pain described by the young woman aligns with symptoms of ovulation pain, known as mittelschmerz. This type of pain typically occurs around the time of ovulation and is considered normal. It is a common experience for many women and does not usually indicate any underlying health issues.

Choice B is incorrect because abnormal hormone levels are not typically the cause of ovulation pain. Choice C is incorrect as dismissing the woman's concerns without providing reassurance or information is not appropriate. Choice D is incorrect as there is no indication from the history provided that there is a structural abnormality that needs further assessment.

In summary, the correct response acknowledges the normalcy of the pain experienced by the young woman and provides reassurance based on the symptoms described.

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