Nokea
Reddish-orange crystals noted in the urine of a 48-hour-old newborn are
- A. a sign of congenital renal disease
- B. a sign of vitamin K deficiency
- C. a normal finding
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Uric acid crystals are commonly seen in newborn urine and are considered normal.
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Following spontaneous rupture of the membranes during labor, if the fetal heart rate becomes markedly bradycardic with variable decelerations, this likely indicates
- A. cord prolapse
- B. placenta previa
- C. fetal head compression
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Variable decelerations with bradycardia suggest cord compression, possibly due to prolapse.
The uterine tubes are extensions of the uterus that communicate with the vagina and vulva.
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
- C. NA
- D. NA
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The uterine tubes communicate with the uterus and ovaries, not directly with the vagina or vulva.
If a nursing neonate has a 5:1 suck/swallow ratio, this indicates
- A. non-nutritive suckling
- B. normal suckling
- C. fast but adequate suckling
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A 5:1 ratio reflects coordinated sucking and swallowing, indicative of efficient feeding.
Infectious mastitis in the breastfeeding mother has which of the following characteristics?
- A. it is treated by cessation of breastfeeding
- B. it usually occurs within 48 hours of delivery
- C. it can often be prevented with proper breastfeeding technique
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Proper breastfeeding techniques can help prevent mastitis by ensuring adequate milk drainage.
Which are the most common sites of breast cancer metastasis?
- A. Kidneys
- B. Bones and liver
- C. Heart and blood vessels
- D. Skin
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Bones and liver. Breast cancer commonly metastasizes to bones and liver due to their rich blood supply, making them favorable sites for cancer cells to spread. Bones provide a supportive environment for cancer growth, while liver offers a hospitable environment for circulating cancer cells. Other choices are incorrect as breast cancer rarely metastasizes to kidneys, heart, blood vessels, or skin. Kidneys are not common sites for breast cancer spread, and heart and blood vessels lack the conducive environment for cancer growth. Skin metastasis in breast cancer is rare and usually indicates advanced disease.