Normal Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Pelvis

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The school nurse is conducting health education classes for a group of adolescents. Which statement best describes a secondary sexual characteristic?

  • A. Maturation of ova N R I G
  • B. C M U S N T O
  • C. Production of sperm
  • D. Female breast development
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Female breast development. Secondary sexual characteristics are physical changes that occur during puberty but are not directly related to reproduction. Female breast development is a classic example of a secondary sexual characteristic as it is a visible change that signals the onset of puberty. The other choices, A, B, and C, are primary sexual characteristics directly involved in reproduction such as maturation of ova, production of sperm, and external genitalia development, respectively. These are not considered secondary sexual characteristics.

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Arrange the steps of the female menstrual cycle in the correct order of occurrence.

  • A. Menstrual phase
  • B. Premenstrual phase
  • C. Secretory phase
  • D. Proliferative phase
Correct Answer: A,D,C,B

Rationale: The correct order of the female menstrual cycle is: A (Menstrual phase) -> D (Proliferative phase) -> C (Secretory phase) -> B (Premenstrual phase).
1. Menstrual phase (A) involves shedding of the uterine lining.
2. Proliferative phase (D) follows, where the lining thickens in preparation for implantation.
3. Secretory phase (C) occurs next, characterized by further thickening and vascularization of the endometrium.
4. Finally, premenstrual phase (B) occurs, leading to the shedding of the uterine lining if fertilization does not occur.

Other choices are incorrect because they do not follow the chronological sequence of events in the menstrual cycle.

An Rh-negative mother who has given birth to an Rh-positive infant and has no evidence of sensitization (i.e., maternal indirect Coombs test negative) should be administered

  • A. Rh immune globulin (Rhogam) within 72 hours of delivery
  • B. no additional medication
  • C. cross-matched packed red blood cells within 4 hours of delivery
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Administering Rh immune globulin prevents maternal sensitization and future hemolytic disease of the newborn.

The tube connecting the ovaries to the uterus is called the:

  • A. Uterine tubes
  • B. Oviducts
  • C. Fallopian tubes
  • D. All of the above are correct.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Uterine tubes, oviducts, and fallopian tubes are all terms used to describe the same structure.

Which of the following hormones causes ejection of milk into the mammary ducts, making it accessible for the infant?

  • A. Progesterone
  • B. Oxytocin
  • C. Prolactin
  • D. Estrogen
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Oxytocin stimulates the ejection of milk into the mammary ducts.

Gas exchange in utero in the fetus is performed by the

  • A. fetal heart
  • B. fetal lungs
  • C. placenta
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The placenta facilitates gas exchange between the mother and fetus, supplying oxygen and removing carbon dioxide.

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