Nokea
The sign most concerning for congenital heart disease in the newborn infant is
- A. fever
- B. central cyanosis
- C. acrocyanosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Central cyanosis indicates poor oxygenation and may suggest underlying cardiac issues.
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Compared to infants delivered in occiput anterior vertex presentation, infants delivered vaginally in a breech presentation have which of the following risks?
- A. a higher risk of birth trauma
- B. a lower risk of fetal asphyxia
- C. a lower risk of umbilical cord prolapse
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Breech presentations carry a higher risk of birth trauma due to difficult delivery mechanics.
Which of the following ligaments does not assist in holding the ovaries in place?
- A. Broad
- B. Mesovarian
- C. Ovarian
- D. Round
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The round ligament does not assist in holding the ovaries in place.
The cartilage type that lines the end of long bones in synovial joints is:
- A. Fibrocartilage
- B. Elastic cartilage
- C. Hyaline cartilage
- D. Cellular cartilage
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hyaline cartilage. This type of cartilage is found at the ends of long bones in synovial joints because it provides a smooth surface for articulation, reducing friction and allowing for smooth movement. Hyaline cartilage is the most common type of cartilage in the body and is characterized by its glassy appearance and ability to withstand compressive forces. Fibrocartilage (choice A) is found in intervertebral discs and has more collagen fibers, making it tougher but less flexible than hyaline cartilage. Elastic cartilage (choice B) contains more elastic fibers and is found in structures like the external ear and epiglottis, providing flexibility and resilience. Cellular cartilage (choice D) is not a recognized type of cartilage and is an incorrect choice.
Asymmetric intrauterine growth restriction is caused by problems that occur during the
- A. first trimester
- B. second trimester
- C. third trimester
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Third-trimester issues like placental insufficiency contribute to asymmetric IUGR.
Infectious mastitis in the breastfeeding mother has which of the following characteristics?
- A. it is treated by cessation of breastfeeding
- B. it usually occurs within 48 hours of delivery
- C. it can often be prevented with proper breastfeeding technique
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Proper breastfeeding techniques can help prevent mastitis by ensuring adequate milk drainage.