Nokea
Which statement with regard to reproductive anatomy and physiology is inaccurate?
- A. Female patients who are past puberty and sexually active can become pregnant
- C. Puberty symptoms are more prominent in males than females.
- D. Females enter puberty earlier than their male counterparts.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Puberty symptoms are actually more prominent in females than males due to the complex hormonal changes leading to the development of secondary sexual characteristics. This is because the female reproductive system is more intricate and involves a more gradual and prolonged process compared to males. Choice A is true as sexually active females can indeed become pregnant. Choice D is also accurate as females generally enter puberty earlier than males.
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Which hormonal effect is noted during the menstrual cycle?
- A. Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion rise
- C. A negative feedback mechanism is exhibited by the anterior pituitary gland and ovaries.
- D. The posterior pituitary gland secretes LH.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because during the menstrual cycle, LH and FSH secretion rise to stimulate ovarian follicle development and trigger ovulation. This process is crucial for maintaining the menstrual cycle. Choice B is incorrect as it is incomplete. Choice C is incorrect as negative feedback is primarily between the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and ovaries, not just the anterior pituitary gland and ovaries. Choice D is incorrect because LH is primarily secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, not the posterior pituitary gland.
All of the following clinical features would be expected with 'postpartum blues' (adjustment reaction with depressed mood) EXCEPT
- A. frequent tearfulness
- B. irritability
- C. suicidal ideation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Suicidal ideation is not typical of postpartum blues and may indicate a more serious condition like postpartum depression or psychosis.
Males are usually taller than females when they reach their adult height because:
- A. Their growth in height occurs early in puberty and continues briefly after puberty.
- B. Their secretion of testosterone delays closure of the epiphyses of the long bones.
- C. Their puberty changes begin approximately 2 years later than in the average female.
- D. The puberty growth spurt begins later and continues for a longer time.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Males typically begin puberty later than females, allowing for a longer pre-pubertal growth period and greater final height.
The increase in blood estrogens during the postmenstrual phase of the menstrual cycle produces all of the following changes in the uterus except:
- A. Growth of both the endometrial glands and the spiral arteries of the endometrium
- B. Decreased myometrial contractions
- C. Proliferation of endometrial cells producing a thickening of the endometrium
- D. All of the above occur because of the increase in estrogen.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Increased estrogen levels do not cause decreased myometrial contractions.
The cartilage type that lines the end of long bones in synovial joints is:
- A. Fibrocartilage
- B. Elastic cartilage
- C. Hyaline cartilage
- D. Cellular cartilage
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hyaline cartilage. This type of cartilage is found at the ends of long bones in synovial joints because it provides a smooth surface for articulation, reducing friction and allowing for smooth movement. Hyaline cartilage is the most common type of cartilage in the body and is characterized by its glassy appearance and ability to withstand compressive forces. Fibrocartilage (choice A) is found in intervertebral discs and has more collagen fibers, making it tougher but less flexible than hyaline cartilage. Elastic cartilage (choice B) contains more elastic fibers and is found in structures like the external ear and epiglottis, providing flexibility and resilience. Cellular cartilage (choice D) is not a recognized type of cartilage and is an incorrect choice.