Nokea
Infectious mastitis in the breastfeeding mother has which of the following characteristics?
- A. it is treated by cessation of breastfeeding
- B. it usually occurs within 48 hours of delivery
- C. it can often be prevented with proper breastfeeding technique
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Proper breastfeeding techniques can help prevent mastitis by ensuring adequate milk drainage.
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The biophysical profile evaluates fetal wellbeing by combining fetal heart rate monitoring with
- A. ultrasonographic examination of established fetal parameters
- B. fetal movement counting ('kick counts')
- C. external monitoring of uterine contractions
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The biophysical profile uses ultrasound to assess fetal movements, tone, breathing, and amniotic fluid volume, combined with heart rate monitoring.
Which of the following statements is not true about the mechanism controlling lactation?
- A. The anterior pituitary secretes prolactin.
- B. The posterior pituitary secretes oxytocin.
- C. Prolactin stimulates the ejection of milk into the ducts of the mammary glands.
- D. All of the above statements are true about the mechanism controlling lactation.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Prolactin stimulates milk production, while oxytocin stimulates milk ejection.
The vaccination that should be routinely administered to all newborns within 24 hours of birth is
- A. hepatitis A.
- B. hepatitis B.
- C. rotavirus.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hepatitis B vaccine is recommended shortly after birth to prevent infection.
Conditions that cause the fallopian tubes to be narrower than normal may result in:
- A. Excessive cramping and bleeding during menstruation.
- B. Increased likelihood of pregnancy during each cycle.
- C. More rapid propulsion of the ovum through the tube.
- D. Implantation of a fertilized ovum within the tube.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Narrower fallopian tubes can trap a fertilized ovum, leading to ectopic pregnancy.
The vulva consists of which structure?
- A. Labia majora, minora, clitoris, mons pubis, and vestibular glands
- B. Penis, scrotum, and prostate gland
- C. Internal female structures, including the uterus and ovaries
- D. Openings of the urethra and vagina
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the vulva comprises the labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, mons pubis, and vestibular glands. The labia majora and minora are outer and inner folds of skin, the clitoris is a sensitive organ, the mons pubis is a fatty area overlying the pubic bone, and the vestibular glands secrete lubrication. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately represent the structures of the vulva. B refers to male reproductive structures, C to internal female organs, and D to specific openings rather than the entire vulva.