Nokea
The nurse manager reviewing the purposes for applying restraints to a client determines that further education is necessary when a nursing staff member makes which statement supporting the use of a restraint?
- A. It limits movement of a limb during a painful procedure.
- B. It prevents the violent client from injuring self and others.
- C. At night it keeps the client in bed instead of wandering about.
- D. It is useful in preventing the client from pulling out intravenous lines.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Wrist and ankle restraints are devices used to limit the client's movement in situations when it is necessary to immobilize a limb. Restraints are not applied to keep a client in bed at night and should never be used as a form of punishment. Restraints are applied to prevent the client from injuring self or others; pulling out intravenous lines, catheters, or tubes; or removing dressings. Restraints also may be used to keep children still and from injuring themselves during treatments and diagnostic procedures. A primary health care provider's prescription is required for the use of restraints, and state and agency procedures are always followed when restraints are used.
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The nurse manager is reviewing the critical paths of the clients on the nursing unit. The nurse manager collaborates with each nurse assigned to the clients and performs a variance analysis. Which finding should indicate the need for further assessment and analysis?
- A. A client is performing his or her own colostomy care.
- B. A 1-day postoperative client has a temperature of 98.8°F (37.1°C).
- C. A 2-day post-abdominal hysterectomy client has drainage noted from the incision.
- D. A client newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus is preparing his or her own insulin for injection.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Variances are actual deviations or detours from the critical paths. Option 3 is the only option that identifies the need for further action. Variances can be either positive or negative, or avoidable or unavoidable, and can be caused by a variety of things. Positive variance occurs when the client achieves maximum benefit and is discharged earlier than anticipated. Negative variance occurs when untoward events prevent a timely discharge. Variance analysis occurs continually to anticipate and recognize negative variance early so that appropriate action can be taken.
When a hospitalized child develops a rash that covers the trunk and extremities, the nurse notes in the history that the child was exposed to varicella 2 weeks ago. Which nursing intervention has priority?
- A. Immediately reassign the child's roommate.
- B. Place the child in a private room on strict isolation.
- C. Confirm the exposure occurred with the child's parent.
- D. Assess the progression of the rash and report it to the primary health care provider.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The child with undiagnosed rash needs to be placed on strict isolation. Varicella causes a profuse rash on the trunk with a sparse rash on the extremities. The incubation period is 14 to 21 days. It is important to prevent the spread of this communicable disease by placing the child in isolation until further diagnosis and treatment are made. None of the other options address the need to prevent the spread of the disease.
The nurse is preparing to administer oxygen to a client with a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is at risk for carbon dioxide narcosis. The nurse should check to see that the oxygen flow rate is prescribed at which rate?
- A. 2 to 3 liters per minute
- B. 4 to 5 liters per minute
- C. 6 to 8 liters per minute
- D. 8 to 10 liters per minute
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In carbon dioxide narcosis, the central chemoreceptors lose their sensitivity to increased levels of carbon dioxide and no longer respond by increasing the rate and depth of respiration. For these clients, the stimulus to breathe is a decreased arterial oxygen concentration. In the client with COPD, a low arterial oxygen level is the client's primary drive for breathing. If high levels of oxygen are administered, the client may lose the respiratory drive, and respiratory failure results. Thus, the nurse checks the flow of oxygen to see that it does not exceed 2 to 3 liters per minute, unless a specific health care provider prescription indicates a different flow of the oxygen.
A 17-year-old client is discharged to home with her newborn baby after the nurse provides information about home safety for children. Which statement by the client should alert the nurse that further teaching is required regarding home safety?
- A. I can keep my aluminum pots and pans in my lower cabinets.
- B. I will not use the microwave oven to heat my baby's formula.
- C. I have locks on all my cabinets that contain my cleaning supplies.
- D. I have a car seat that I will put in the front seat to keep my baby safe.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A baby car seat should never be placed in the front seat because of the potential for life-threatening injury on impact. It is perfectly safe to leave pots and pans in the lower cabinets for a child to investigate, as long as they are not made of glass, which would harm the baby if broken. Microwave ovens should never be used to heat formula because the formula heats unevenly, and it could burn and even scald the baby's mouth. Even though the bottle may feel warm, it could contain hot spots that could severely damage the baby's mouth. Any cabinets that contain dangerous items that a baby or child could swallow should be locked.
The nurse manager is reviewing the principles of surgical asepsis with the nursing staff. In which situations should the nurse manager communicate to the staff that it is necessary to use the principles of surgical asepsis? Select all that apply.
- A. Removing a dressing
- B. Reapplying sterile dressings
- C. Inserting an intravenous (IV) line
- D. Inserting a urinary (Foley) catheter
- E. Suctioning the tracheobronchial airway
- F. Caring for an immunosuppressed client
Correct Answer: B,C,D,E
Rationale: Surgical asepsis involves the use of sterile technique. Some examples of procedures in which surgical asepsis is necessary include reapplying sterile dressings, inserting an IV or urinary catheter, and suctioning the tracheobronchial airway. Medical asepsis, or clean technique, includes procedures to reduce and prevent the spread of microorganisms. Removing a dressing can be done by clean technique using clean gloves (although reapplying the dressing requires surgical asepsis). Caring for an immunosuppressed client requires medical asepsis techniques.