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A nurse is explaining the role of intrauterine insemination (IUI). What should the nurse include?
- A. IUI involves placing washed sperm directly into the uterus.
- B. IUI is used to treat structural abnormalities in the uterus.
- C. IUI guarantees fertilization of the egg.
- D. IUI eliminates the need for ovulation tracking.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because intrauterine insemination (IUI) involves placing washed sperm directly into the uterus, increasing the chances of fertilization. This method bypasses potential obstacles in the reproductive tract, aiding sperm in reaching the egg. Choice B is incorrect because IUI is not primarily used to treat structural abnormalities in the uterus but rather to facilitate fertilization. Choice C is incorrect as IUI does not guarantee fertilization since other factors can still affect the success of conception. Choice D is incorrect because ovulation tracking is still important in IUI to ensure optimal timing for the procedure.
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A patient asks about the effects of environmental toxins on fertility. What should the nurse explain?
- A. Environmental toxins have no impact on fertility outcomes.
- B. Exposure to toxins can harm egg and sperm quality, reducing fertility.
- C. Toxins only affect fertility in individuals over 40.
- D. Avoiding toxins guarantees immediate conception.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because exposure to environmental toxins can indeed harm egg and sperm quality, leading to reduced fertility. Toxins can disrupt hormone balance, affect reproductive organs, and damage genetic material in eggs and sperm. This can result in difficulty conceiving or increased risk of miscarriage. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. A is inaccurate as environmental toxins can impact fertility outcomes. C is incorrect as toxins can affect fertility at any age. D is misleading as avoiding toxins does not guarantee immediate conception, as fertility is influenced by various factors.
During an IVF cycle, a patient asks about embryo transfer timing. What is the nurse's best explanation?
- A. Embryos are always transferred on the day of fertilization.
- B. Embryo transfer typically occurs 3 to 5 days after fertilization.
- C. Timing depends on uterine size, not embryo development.
- D. Transfer is done after pregnancy is confirmed.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Embryo transfer typically occurs 3 to 5 days after fertilization. This timing aligns with the development of embryos to the blastocyst stage, which is crucial for successful implantation in the uterus. By waiting until this stage, the chances of a successful pregnancy are increased. Choice A is incorrect because embryos do not reach the blastocyst stage on the day of fertilization. Choice C is incorrect as embryo development stage is a key factor in determining the timing of transfer. Choice D is incorrect as waiting until pregnancy is confirmed would delay the transfer unnecessarily.
A nurse is educating a male patient about improving sperm quality. What should the nurse suggest?
- A. Increase exposure to saunas and hot tubs for relaxation.
- B. Maintain a healthy lifestyle, including balanced nutrition and avoiding smoking.
- C. Consume high-fat diets to enhance testosterone levels.
- D. Avoid exercise as it reduces sperm motility.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Maintain a healthy lifestyle, including balanced nutrition and avoiding smoking. This is because a healthy lifestyle promotes overall well-being and can positively impact sperm quality. Balanced nutrition provides essential nutrients for sperm production while avoiding smoking reduces oxidative stress that can harm sperm.
Choice A is incorrect because increased exposure to saunas and hot tubs can actually raise scrotal temperature, potentially harming sperm quality. Choice C is incorrect as high-fat diets can lead to obesity and negatively impact sperm quality. Choice D is incorrect as exercise is beneficial for overall health, including sperm motility.
What is the role of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the menstrual cycle?
- A. To maintain the uterine lining after ovulation.
- B. To stimulate the release of an egg from the ovary.
- C. To regulate progesterone production during pregnancy.
- D. To inhibit follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: To stimulate the release of an egg from the ovary. LH surge triggers ovulation, releasing the mature egg from the follicle. This is crucial for fertility. A is incorrect because progesterone maintains the uterine lining, not LH. C is incorrect as LH doesn't regulate progesterone during pregnancy, but plays a role in ovulation. D is incorrect as LH and FSH work together to regulate the menstrual cycle, not inhibit each other.
Chromosome analysis is a diagnostic test that should be offered to which couple?
- A. Never conceived.
- B. Has long-standing infertility.
- C. Has had repeated pregnancy losses.
- D. Has a normal child but has not conceived again.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: Choice C is correct because chromosome analysis is recommended for couples who have experienced repeated pregnancy losses to identify any genetic abnormalities that may be causing the miscarriages. This test can help determine if there are chromosomal issues that could be addressed in future pregnancies. Choices A, B, and D do not necessarily warrant chromosome analysis as they do not directly relate to the potential genetic causes of pregnancy losses.