Nokea
What is the primary purpose of performing a semen analysis during infertility testing?
- A. To determine the presence of infections.
- B. To evaluate sperm count, motility, and morphology.
- C. To check for hormonal imbalances.
- D. To test for genetic abnormalities in sperm.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The primary purpose of performing a semen analysis during infertility testing is to evaluate sperm count, motility, and morphology. This is crucial in assessing male fertility potential. Sperm count indicates the quantity of sperm, motility refers to their ability to move effectively, and morphology assesses the shape and structure of sperm. These factors directly impact the likelihood of successful fertilization. Checking for infections (choice A) is important but not the primary purpose. Hormonal imbalances (choice C) are typically evaluated through blood tests, not semen analysis. Testing for genetic abnormalities in sperm (choice D) is a separate test and not the primary focus of a semen analysis.
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A nurse is discussing male infertility with a client. Which of the following is a common cause of reduced male fertility?
- A. High testosterone levels
- B. Frequent use of lubricants during intercourse
- C. Smoking and alcohol consumption
- D. Daily exercise routines
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Smoking and alcohol consumption. Smoking and alcohol can negatively impact male fertility by affecting sperm quality and quantity. Smoking can lead to DNA damage in sperm, while alcohol can disrupt hormone levels. High testosterone levels (A) actually do not commonly cause reduced fertility. Frequent use of lubricants (B) may hinder sperm movement, but it's not a common cause. Daily exercise (D) can improve overall health and fertility.
A male client has green color blindness, an X-linked recessive genetic disorder. His wife has no affected genes. Which of the following statements by the nurse is true regarding the couple's potential for having a child who is color blind?
- A. All male children will be color blind.
- B. All female children will be color blind.
- C. All male children will be carriers for color blindness.
- D. All female children will be carriers for color blindness.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Female children will be carriers, as they inherit the gene from their father.
Lori, who is 32 years old, is taking clomiphene citrate to induce ovulation and presents to the office for a vaginal ultrasound. She mentions experiencing abdominal bloating, nausea, and weight gain of 5 pounds over the past 12 hours. What condition do these symptoms indicate?
- A. Ovulation
- B. Premenstrual syndrome
- C. Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
- D. Failed ovulation induction
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). OHSS is a potential complication of ovulation induction with medications like clomiphene citrate. The symptoms of abdominal bloating, nausea, and rapid weight gain indicate fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity, a hallmark of OHSS. This occurs due to enlarged ovaries releasing excessive fluid into the abdomen. It is important to monitor patients like Lori closely for signs of OHSS to prevent severe complications.
Incorrect choices:
A: Ovulation - Symptoms described are not typical of normal ovulation.
B: Premenstrual syndrome - Symptoms are not consistent with typical PMS symptoms.
D: Failed ovulation induction - Symptoms of weight gain and bloating are not indicative of failed ovulation induction but rather a complication of the treatment.
The nurse discusses the results of a 3-generation pedigree with the proband who has breast cancer. Which of the following information must the nurse consider?
- A. The proband should have a complete genetic analysis done.
- B. The proband is the first member of the family to be diagnosed.
- C. The proband's first degree relatives should be included in the discussion.
- D. The proband's sisters will likely develop breast cancer during their lives.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: First-degree relatives are at increased risk and should be involved in discussions.
A nurse has just taken a family history on a 10-week gravid client and created the family pedigree shown below. Each of the darkened symbols represents a person with a serious illness. Which of the following actions should the nurse take at this time?
- A. Advise the woman that she should have an amniocentesis.
- B. Encourage the doctor to send her for genetic counseling.
- C. Ask the woman if she knew any of the relatives who died.
- D. Inform the woman that her pedigree appears normal.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Genetic counseling is warranted when a family history suggests inherited disorders.