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Approximately 3 days after fertilization, what is the term for the developing zygote, which is a 16-cell mass?
- A. Trophoblast
- B. Morula
- C. Blastocyst
- D. Embryoblast
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Morula. At approximately 3 days post-fertilization, the zygote undergoes multiple cell divisions, forming a 16-cell mass known as a morula. This stage precedes the formation of a blastocyst, which occurs around day 5. The trophoblast refers to the outer layer of cells in the blastocyst responsible for implantation, while the embryoblast is the inner cell mass that gives rise to the embryo. Therefore, the morula stage accurately represents the 16-cell mass at this specific developmental timeline.
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The nurse is counseling a female patient who has unsuccessfully attempted to become pregnant through a variety of methods and treatments for infertility. Which psychosocial manifestation is the nurse most likely to recognize?
- A. Close connections with extended family
- B. Strong intimate relationship with her partner
- C. Difficulty accepting pregnancy if it does occur
- D. Greater focus on career and job opportunities
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Difficulty accepting pregnancy if it does occur. A patient who has struggled with infertility may have developed emotional barriers or fears related to pregnancy due to past disappointments. This psychosocial manifestation is common in individuals who have faced challenges with fertility. It is important for the nurse to recognize and address this potential issue during counseling.
A: Close connections with extended family is not the most likely psychosocial manifestation in this scenario. While extended family support can be beneficial, it may not be the primary concern for a patient struggling with infertility.
B: Strong intimate relationship with her partner is important for coping with infertility, but it is not the most likely manifestation for the nurse to recognize in this scenario.
D: Greater focus on career and job opportunities is not the most likely psychosocial manifestation for a patient struggling with infertility. While some individuals may prioritize their career, the primary concern in this case is related to emotional challenges with pregnancy acceptance.
A patient at 37 weeks gestation arrives at the labor and delivery unit and reports a rupture of her membranes. Which factor causes the nurse to anticipate the HCP will prescribe a medical method of labor induction?
- A. The fetus is viable and the barrier for a sterile uterine environment is breached.
- B. The fetus is at risk for “drying out” and causing the mother to have a dry birth.
- C. The mother must be maintained on complete bedrest until contractions begin.
- D. The mother is at risk for developing an infection and passing it to the fetus.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: The fetus is viable and the barrier for a sterile uterine environment is breached. At 37 weeks gestation, the fetus is considered full-term and capable of surviving outside the womb. Rupture of membranes increases the risk of infection as it exposes the fetus to the vaginal flora. Therefore, a medical method of labor induction may be prescribed to prevent complications such as intrauterine infection.
Choices B, C, and D are incorrect:
B: The fetus "drying out" and causing a dry birth is not a valid reason for labor induction.
C: Bedrest until contractions begin is not a standard approach for managing ruptured membranes.
D: While infection risk is a concern with ruptured membranes, the primary reason for induction is to prevent harm to the fetus due to the breach in the sterile uterine environment, not just maternal infection.
Identify the obstetric health care providers who attend births in private homes. Select all that apply.
- A. OB/GYN
- B. family practice physician
- C. maternal-fetal medicine specialist
- D. certified nurse-midwife
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: OB/GYN. Obstetricians are trained to provide care during pregnancy, labor, and delivery in various settings, including private homes. Family practice physicians and maternal-fetal medicine specialists typically work in hospitals. Certified nurse-midwives can attend home births, but they are not the only obstetric providers who do so. OB/GYNs have the necessary expertise and skills to manage complications that may arise during home births, making them suitable providers for this setting.
Match each term with its description. Blastocyst
- A. None
- B. None
- C. Part of the blastocyst that will develop into the placenta.
- D. None
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Blastocyst contains structures forming the placenta.
Why might a provider recommend percutaneous umbilical blood sampling? Select all that apply.
- A. an increased risk of Down syndrome shown on a previous scan
- B. to detect Down syndrome in the fetus, as this test provides the most accurate screening
- C. to check for genetic and chromosomal abnormalities the fetus is at high risk for
- D. to verify the blood type of the fetus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling is recommended to detect Down syndrome accurately by analyzing fetal blood. This is because it directly tests the fetal blood for chromosomal abnormalities like Down syndrome, providing a definitive diagnosis. Other choices are incorrect because A does not specify the need for a direct blood test, C is too general, and D can be determined using other non-invasive methods like amniocentesis.