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What are functions of the placenta?
- A. Produces the hormones estrogen, progesterone, and relaxin.
- B. None
- C. Feeds the foetus.
- D. None
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The placenta produces hormones and stores nutrients for fetal use.
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What patient may need laparoscopic surgery?
- A. a patient with low antral follicle count
- B. a patient with an elevated prolactin level
- C. a patient with patent fallopian tubes on hysterosalpingogram
- D. a patient with suspected endometriosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because laparoscopic surgery is commonly used to diagnose and treat endometriosis due to its ability to visualize and remove endometrial implants. Patients with suspected endometriosis often have symptoms like pelvic pain and infertility, making laparoscopy a suitable option for both diagnosis and treatment. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not typically require laparoscopic surgery. Low antral follicle count and elevated prolactin levels are more related to infertility evaluations, while patent fallopian tubes on hysterosalpingogram indicate normal tubal patency and do not necessarily warrant laparoscopic intervention.
Why might a provider recommend percutaneous umbilical blood sampling? Select all that apply.
- A. an increased risk of Down syndrome shown on a previous scan
- B. to detect Down syndrome in the fetus, as this test provides the most accurate screening
- C. to check for genetic and chromosomal abnormalities the fetus is at high risk for
- D. to verify the blood type of the fetus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling is recommended to detect Down syndrome accurately by analyzing fetal blood. This is because it directly tests the fetal blood for chromosomal abnormalities like Down syndrome, providing a definitive diagnosis. Other choices are incorrect because A does not specify the need for a direct blood test, C is too general, and D can be determined using other non-invasive methods like amniocentesis.
An expectant mother, diagnosed with oligohydramnios, asks the nurse what this condition means for the baby. Which statement should the nurse provide for the patient?
- A. Oligohydramnios can cause poor fetal lung development.
- B. Oligohydramnios means that the fetus is excreting excessive urine
- C. Oligohydramnios could mean that the fetus has a gastrointestinal blockage
- D. Oligohydramnios is associated with fetal central nervous system abnormalities.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Oligohydramnios can cause poor fetal lung development. Oligohydramnios refers to a condition where there is a decreased amount of amniotic fluid surrounding the fetus. This can result in compression of the fetus leading to poor lung development. Reduced amniotic fluid levels can also increase the risk of umbilical cord compression and fetal growth restriction. Option B is incorrect as oligohydramnios actually indicates a decreased production of amniotic fluid, not excessive urine excretion by the fetus. Option C is incorrect as oligohydramnios is not directly related to gastrointestinal blockage in the fetus. Option D is incorrect as oligohydramnios is primarily associated with fetal lung and renal abnormalities, not central nervous system abnormalities.
A nurse is conducting prenatal education classes for a group of expectant parents. Which information should the nurse include in her discussion of the purpose of amniotic fluid? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Cushions the fetus
- B. Protects the skin of the fetus
- C. Provides nourishment for the fetus
- D. Allows for buoyancy for fetal movement
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cushions the fetus. Amniotic fluid acts as a cushion that protects the fetus from physical trauma and provides a stable environment for fetal growth. It helps prevent compression injuries and maintains a constant temperature. The other choices are incorrect because: B) Protects the skin of the fetus: While amniotic fluid does provide some protection, its main purpose is cushioning. C) Provides nourishment for the fetus: The placenta is responsible for providing nourishment to the fetus, not amniotic fluid. D) Allows for buoyancy for fetal movement: While amniotic fluid does allow for buoyancy, its primary function is to cushion the fetus.
Identify the birthing place providing the most comprehensive labor, birth, and immediate postpartum and newborn care.
- A. hospital with LDRP and NICU units
- B. in-hospital birthing center
- C. free-standing birthing center
- D. home birth
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: hospital with LDRP and NICU units. Hospitals with Labor-Delivery-Recovery-Postpartum (LDRP) and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) provide the most comprehensive care for labor, birth, and immediate postpartum and newborn care. LDRP units allow women to stay in one room for the entire birthing process, ensuring continuity of care. The NICU is crucial for providing specialized care to newborns with complications. In-hospital birthing centers lack the full range of medical resources available in hospitals, free-standing birthing centers may not have immediate access to emergency care, and home births carry risks due to limited medical interventions available.