Nokea
Sally comes in for her first prenatal examination. This is her first child. She asks you (the nurse), 'How does my baby get air inside my uterus?' The correct response is:
- A. The baby's lungs work in utero to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide.
- B. The baby absorbs oxygen from your blood system.
- C. The placenta provides oxygen to the baby and excretes carbon dioxide into your bloodstream.
- D. The placenta delivers oxygen-rich blood through the umbilical artery to the baby's abdomen.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The placenta functions by supplying oxygen and excreting carbon dioxide to the maternal bloodstream.
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What karyotype would the nurse anticipate for a patient with Klinefelter’s syndrome?
- A. XO
- B. XXY
- C. XYY
- D. XXX
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: XXY. In Klinefelter's syndrome, individuals have an extra X chromosome, resulting in a karyotype of 47,XXY. This leads to physical and cognitive characteristics associated with the syndrome. Choice A (XO) represents Turner syndrome, which involves a missing X chromosome. Choices C (XYY) and D (XXX) are not associated with Klinefelter's syndrome as they involve extra Y and X chromosomes respectively, leading to different syndromes altogether.
The nurse is answering a phone call from a pregnant person. The pregnant person informs the nurse she has had several sharp pains in the right lower abdomen this week. What is the priority question the nurse should ask the pregnant person?
- A. How many weeks pregnant are you?
- B. How much water are you drinking every day?
- C. When was your last bowel movement?
- D. Are you lactose intolerant?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: How many weeks pregnant are you? This is the priority question because sharp pains in the right lower abdomen could indicate an ectopic pregnancy or appendicitis, both of which are serious conditions requiring immediate medical attention. Knowing the gestational age will help the nurse determine the likelihood of these complications.
Choice B: How much water are you drinking every day? is not the priority question as it is unlikely to be related to the sharp pains in the right lower abdomen.
Choice C: When was your last bowel movement? is not the priority question as it is not directly related to the sharp pains in the right lower abdomen.
Choice D: Are you lactose intolerant? is not the priority question as it is not likely to be the cause of sharp pains in the right lower abdomen for a pregnant person.
Identify the obstetric health care providers who attend births in private homes. Select all that apply.
- A. OB/GYN
- B. family practice physician
- C. maternal-fetal medicine specialist
- D. certified nurse-midwife
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: OB/GYN. Obstetricians are trained to provide care during pregnancy, labor, and delivery in various settings, including private homes. Family practice physicians and maternal-fetal medicine specialists typically work in hospitals. Certified nurse-midwives can attend home births, but they are not the only obstetric providers who do so. OB/GYNs have the necessary expertise and skills to manage complications that may arise during home births, making them suitable providers for this setting.
What condition would the nurse suspect in a patient with irregular menstrual cycles, obesity, and abnormal hair growth on the face?
- A. endometriosis
- B. hyperprolactinemia
- C. polycystic ovary syndrome
- D. hydrosalpinx
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Irregular menstrual cycles, obesity, and abnormal hair growth are common symptoms of PCOS. PCOS is a hormonal disorder that affects women of reproductive age. Irregular menstrual cycles occur due to anovulation. Obesity is often associated with insulin resistance, a common feature of PCOS. Abnormal hair growth, known as hirsutism, is a result of elevated levels of male hormones (androgens). Endometriosis (A) is characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, causing pelvic pain and infertility. Hyperprolactinemia (B) is an excess of prolactin hormone, leading to irregular menstrual cycles and milk production. Hydrosalpinx (D) is the accumulation of fluid in a fallopian tube, causing infertility but not the symptoms described.
What are functions of the amniotic fluid? (Select one that doesn't apply.)
- A. Prevents congenital amputations and amniotic bands.
- B. Enables fetal musculoskeletal development.
- C. Protects the fetus from maternal infections.
- D. Maintains fetal hydration.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Amniotic fluid supports fetal development but does not protect against maternal infections.