Nokea
The nurse is providing prenatal education to a pregnant person who is 10 weeks pregnant. The nurse informs the pregnant person the placenta supports continual gestation until term by producing what?
- A. glucose
- B. hormones
- C. oxygen
- D. waste
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: hormones. The placenta produces hormones such as progesterone and estrogen, which are crucial for maintaining the pregnancy and supporting fetal development. These hormones help regulate the menstrual cycle, support the growth of the fetus, and prepare the body for childbirth. Glucose (A) is essential for fetal growth but is not the primary function of the placenta. Oxygen (C) is carried through the placenta to the fetus but is not produced by the placenta itself. Waste (D) products are removed by the placenta, but they are not produced to support continual gestation.
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An expectant mother, diagnosed with oligohydramnios, asks the nurse what this condition means for the baby. Which statement should the nurse provide for the patient?
- A. Oligohydramnios can cause poor fetal lung development.
- B. Oligohydramnios means that the fetus is excreting excessive urine
- C. Oligohydramnios could mean that the fetus has a gastrointestinal blockage
- D. Oligohydramnios is associated with fetal central nervous system abnormalities.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Oligohydramnios can cause poor fetal lung development. Oligohydramnios refers to a condition where there is a decreased amount of amniotic fluid surrounding the fetus. This can result in compression of the fetus leading to poor lung development. Reduced amniotic fluid levels can also increase the risk of umbilical cord compression and fetal growth restriction. Option B is incorrect as oligohydramnios actually indicates a decreased production of amniotic fluid, not excessive urine excretion by the fetus. Option C is incorrect as oligohydramnios is not directly related to gastrointestinal blockage in the fetus. Option D is incorrect as oligohydramnios is primarily associated with fetal lung and renal abnormalities, not central nervous system abnormalities.
What condition would the nurse suspect in a patient with irregular menstrual cycles, obesity, and abnormal hair growth on the face?
- A. endometriosis
- B. hyperprolactinemia
- C. polycystic ovary syndrome
- D. hydrosalpinx
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Irregular menstrual cycles, obesity, and abnormal hair growth are common symptoms of PCOS. PCOS is a hormonal disorder that affects women of reproductive age. Irregular menstrual cycles occur due to anovulation. Obesity is often associated with insulin resistance, a common feature of PCOS. Abnormal hair growth, known as hirsutism, is a result of elevated levels of male hormones (androgens). Endometriosis (A) is characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, causing pelvic pain and infertility. Hyperprolactinemia (B) is an excess of prolactin hormone, leading to irregular menstrual cycles and milk production. Hydrosalpinx (D) is the accumulation of fluid in a fallopian tube, causing infertility but not the symptoms described.
With regard to prenatal genetic testing, nurses should be aware that:
- A. Maternal serum screening can determine whether a pregnant woman is at risk of carrying a fetus with Down syndrome.
- B. Carrier screening tests look for gene mutations of people already showing symptoms of a disease.
- C. Predisposition testing predicts with near certainty that symptoms will appear.
- D. Presymptomatic testing is used to predict the likelihood of breast cancer.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Maternal serum screening identifies the risk for the neural tube defect and the specific chromosome abnormality involved in Down syndrome.
What karyotype would the nurse anticipate for a patient with Klinefelter’s syndrome?
- A. XO
- B. XXY
- C. XYY
- D. XXX
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: XXY. In Klinefelter's syndrome, individuals have an extra X chromosome, resulting in a karyotype of 47,XXY. This leads to physical and cognitive characteristics associated with the syndrome. Choice A (XO) represents Turner syndrome, which involves a missing X chromosome. Choices C (XYY) and D (XXX) are not associated with Klinefelter's syndrome as they involve extra Y and X chromosomes respectively, leading to different syndromes altogether.
A woman's cousin gave birth to an infant with a congenital heart anomaly. The woman asks the nurse when such anomalies occur during development. Which response by the nurse is most accurate?
- A. We don't really know when such defects occur.
- B. It depends on what caused the defect.
- C. They occur between the third and fifth weeks of development.
- D. They usually occur in the first 2 weeks of development.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The cardiovascular system is the first organ system to function in the developing human. Blood vessel and blood formation begins in the third week, and the heart is developmentally complete in the fifth week.