Nokea
What is the function of the yolk sac in early pregnancy?
- A. Provides antibodies to the developing fetus
- B. Produces blood cells for the fetus
- C. Secretes hormones needed to support the pregnancy
- D. Becomes the placenta
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the yolk sac in early pregnancy produces blood cells for the fetus. This is essential for the fetus's development as it helps in the formation of the circulatory system. The other choices are incorrect because:
A: Providing antibodies to the developing fetus is typically done by the placenta, not the yolk sac.
C: Hormones needed to support the pregnancy are mainly secreted by the placenta and other maternal structures, not the yolk sac.
D: The yolk sac does not become the placenta; they are two distinct structures with different functions.
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The nurse is providing prenatal education to a pregnant person who is 10 weeks pregnant. The nurse informs the pregnant person the placenta supports continual gestation until term by producing what?
- A. glucose
- B. hormones
- C. oxygen
- D. waste
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: hormones. The placenta produces hormones such as progesterone and estrogen, which are crucial for maintaining the pregnancy and supporting fetal development. These hormones help regulate the menstrual cycle, support the growth of the fetus, and prepare the body for childbirth. Glucose (A) is essential for fetal growth but is not the primary function of the placenta. Oxygen (C) is carried through the placenta to the fetus but is not produced by the placenta itself. Waste (D) products are removed by the placenta, but they are not produced to support continual gestation.
With regard to the development of the respiratory system, maternity nurses should understand that:
- A. The respiratory system does not begin developing until after the embryonic stage.
- B. The infant's lungs are considered mature when the lecithin/sphingomyelin [L/S] ratio is 1:1, at about 32 weeks.
- C. Maternal hypertension can reduce maternal-placental blood flow, accelerating lung maturity.
- D. Fetal respiratory movements are not visible on ultrasound scans until at least 16 weeks.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A reduction in placental blood flow stresses the fetus, increases blood levels of corticosteroids, and accelerates lung maturity.
A woman's cousin gave birth to an infant with a congenital heart anomaly. The woman asks the nurse when such anomalies occur during development. Which response by the nurse is most accurate?
- A. We don't really know when such defects occur.
- B. It depends on what caused the defect.
- C. They occur between the third and fifth weeks of development.
- D. They usually occur in the first 2 weeks of development.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The cardiovascular system is the first organ system to function in the developing human. Blood vessel and blood formation begins in the third week, and the heart is developmentally complete in the fifth week.
Fewer fetal movements than expected suggest possible:
- A. Intrauterine fetal growth restriction.
- B. Inaccurate gestational age dating.
- C. Rapid intrauterine fetal maturation.
- D. Reduced placental perfusion with fetal hypoxia.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Reduced placental perfusion or fetal hypoxia can lead to fewer fetal movements.
Genomic medicine is an emerging medical discipline that involves using genomic information about an individual as part of the individual’s clinical care. Which example does the nurse associate with genomic medicine?
- A. Screening of neonates for inherited, treatable genetic diseases
- B. Creating drugs specifically for the treatment of cancer
- C. Conducting trial studies to determine how drugs effect individuals
- D. Tracing and gaining knowledge about how genetic mutations occur
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale:
A is correct as genomic medicine involves using genetic information for clinical care, such as screening neonates for genetic diseases. This helps in early detection and treatment. B is incorrect as drug development is not the main focus of genomic medicine. C is incorrect as trial studies focus on drug effects, not genetic information. D is incorrect as tracing genetic mutations is related to genetics research, not clinical care in genomic medicine.