Nokea
What is the purpose of maternal assays and multiple marker screenings performed in the first trimester of pregnancy?
- A. to determine the gender of the fetus
- B. to assess the risk of chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus
- C. to monitor the growth and development of the placenta
- D. to detect any potential maternal infections
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: to assess the risk of chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus. Maternal assays and multiple marker screenings in the first trimester are used to evaluate the risk of conditions like Down syndrome. These tests measure levels of certain proteins and hormones in the mother's blood to assess the likelihood of chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus. Options A, C, and D are incorrect because determining the gender of the fetus, monitoring placental growth, and detecting maternal infections are not the primary purposes of these screenings in the first trimester.
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In presenting to obstetric nurses interested in genetics, the genetic nurse identifies the primary risk(s) associated with genetic testing as:
- A. Anxiety and altered family relationships.
- B. Denial of insurance benefits.
- C. High false-positive results associated with genetic testing.
- D. Ethnic and socioeconomic disparity associated with genetic testing.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Some types of genetic testing are expensive and are not covered by insurance benefits.
A woman's cousin gave birth to an infant with a congenital heart anomaly. The woman asks the nurse when such anomalies occur during development. Which response by the nurse is most accurate?
- A. We don't really know when such defects occur.
- B. It depends on what caused the defect.
- C. They occur between the third and fifth weeks of development.
- D. They usually occur in the first 2 weeks of development.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The cardiovascular system is the first organ system to function in the developing human. Blood vessel and blood formation begins in the third week, and the heart is developmentally complete in the fifth week.
What patient may need laparoscopic surgery?
- A. a patient with low antral follicle count
- B. a patient with an elevated prolactin level
- C. a patient with patent fallopian tubes on hysterosalpingogram
- D. a patient with suspected endometriosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because laparoscopic surgery is commonly used to diagnose and treat endometriosis due to its ability to visualize and remove endometrial implants. Patients with suspected endometriosis often have symptoms like pelvic pain and infertility, making laparoscopy a suitable option for both diagnosis and treatment. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not typically require laparoscopic surgery. Low antral follicle count and elevated prolactin levels are more related to infertility evaluations, while patent fallopian tubes on hysterosalpingogram indicate normal tubal patency and do not necessarily warrant laparoscopic intervention.
Upon receiving report on a 36-week G1P0 patient, the nurse has been informed that the pregnancy is at high risk because the umbilical cords may become entangled. Which does the nurse understand about this pregnancy?
- A. It is a diamnionic, monochorionic twin gestation.
- B. It is a monoamnionic, monochorionic twin gestation.
- C. It is a monoamnionic, dichorionic twin gestation.
- D. It is a diamnionic, dichorionic twin gestation.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: It is a monoamnionic, monochorionic twin gestation. In this type of pregnancy, twins share the same amniotic sac (monoamnionic) and placenta (monochorionic). This situation increases the risk of cord entanglement, leading to potential complications. The other choices are incorrect because they do not describe a pregnancy with the same level of risk for cord entanglement. Choice A, diamnionic, monochorionic, implies two amniotic sacs, reducing the risk of cord entanglement. Choice C, monoamnionic, dichorionic, describes a less risky scenario with two separate placentas. Choice D, diamnionic, dichorionic, indicates two separate sacs and placentas, also reducing the risk of cord entanglement.
What condition would the nurse suspect in a patient with irregular menstrual cycles, obesity, and abnormal hair growth on the face?
- A. endometriosis
- B. hyperprolactinemia
- C. polycystic ovary syndrome
- D. hydrosalpinx
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Irregular menstrual cycles, obesity, and abnormal hair growth are common symptoms of PCOS. PCOS is a hormonal disorder that affects women of reproductive age. Irregular menstrual cycles occur due to anovulation. Obesity is often associated with insulin resistance, a common feature of PCOS. Abnormal hair growth, known as hirsutism, is a result of elevated levels of male hormones (androgens). Endometriosis (A) is characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, causing pelvic pain and infertility. Hyperprolactinemia (B) is an excess of prolactin hormone, leading to irregular menstrual cycles and milk production. Hydrosalpinx (D) is the accumulation of fluid in a fallopian tube, causing infertility but not the symptoms described.