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A nurse manager is using the nominal group technique to gather input from the staff on a new policy. What is the primary method of exchange in this technique?
- A. Oral presentations
- B. Email exchanges
- C. Written reports
- D. Group discussions
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Written reports. In the nominal group technique, participants individually write down their ideas or suggestions on a given topic. These written reports are then collected and synthesized by the facilitator, ensuring each participant's input is considered equally. This method allows for unbiased aggregation of ideas and prevents dominant individuals from influencing the group. Oral presentations (A) may lead to groupthink, email exchanges (B) lack real-time interaction, and group discussions (D) may result in unequal participation. Written reports ensure all ideas are heard and valued, making it the primary method of exchange in this technique.
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What is the main purpose of a utilization review?
- A. Evaluate patient outcomes
- B. Ensure compliance with regulations
- C. Reduce hospital readmissions
- D. Assess financial impact
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The main purpose of a utilization review is to evaluate patient outcomes. This process involves assessing the appropriateness, necessity, and quality of healthcare services provided to patients. By evaluating patient outcomes, healthcare providers can ensure that patients receive effective and efficient care, leading to better health outcomes.
Choice B (Ensure compliance with regulations) is incorrect because while utilization review may involve ensuring compliance with regulations, it is not the primary purpose of the process.
Choice C (Reduce hospital readmissions) is incorrect as reducing hospital readmissions is a specific goal within healthcare quality improvement initiatives, but it is not the main purpose of utilization review.
Choice D (Assess financial impact) is incorrect as while financial considerations may play a role in utilization review, the primary focus is on evaluating patient outcomes rather than financial implications.
The nurse has administered 4 oz of orange juice to an alert patient whose blood glucose was 62 mg/dL. Fifteen minutes later, the blood glucose is 67 mg/dL. Which action should the nurse take next?
- A. Give the patient 4 to 6 oz more orange juice.
- B. Administer the PRN glucagon (Glucagon) 1 mg IM.
- C. Have the patient eat some peanut butter with crackers.
- D. Notify the healthcare provider about the hypoglycemia.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is A because the patient's blood glucose level has increased slightly, indicating the orange juice is working. Giving more orange juice is appropriate to continue raising the blood glucose level. Administering glucagon (B) is not necessary as the patient's glucose is improving. Eating peanut butter with crackers (C) may be too slow to raise the glucose level. Notifying the healthcare provider (D) is not needed at this point as the patient is responding to the initial intervention.
What is the primary goal of infection control practices in healthcare settings?
- A. To reduce the length of hospital stays
- B. To ensure patient safety and prevent infections
- C. To control the spread of infections within the healthcare setting
- D. To comply with healthcare regulations
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: To control the spread of infections within the healthcare setting. This is the primary goal of infection control practices as it aims to prevent the transmission of infections among patients, healthcare workers, and visitors. By implementing measures such as hand hygiene, proper use of personal protective equipment, and environmental cleaning, healthcare facilities can effectively minimize the risk of infections spreading.
Explanation of why other choices are incorrect:
A: To reduce the length of hospital stays - While infection control practices may contribute to shorter hospital stays indirectly by preventing additional complications from infections, this is not the primary goal.
B: To ensure patient safety and prevent infections - While patient safety and infection prevention are important aspects of infection control, the primary goal is specifically focused on controlling the spread of infections within the healthcare setting.
D: To comply with healthcare regulations - While compliance with regulations is essential for maintaining a safe healthcare environment, it is not the primary goal of infection control practices, which is centered on preventing the spread of infections.
Which of the following is NOT considered a withdrawal behavior?
- A. Turnover
- B. Strategies
- C. Stress
- D. Punctuality
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Strategies. Withdrawal behaviors are actions employees take to mentally or physically disengage from their work or organization. Turnover involves leaving the organization, stress is a psychological response, and punctuality relates to attendance. Strategies, on the other hand, refer to the methods or plans individuals use to achieve goals, which is not directly related to withdrawal behaviors. Thus, it is not considered a withdrawal behavior.
The belief that effort will lead to a specific performance level in an individual is known as:
- A. Rewards.
- B. Expectancy.
- C. Valence.
- D. Instrumentality.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Expectancy. Expectancy theory posits that individuals believe that their effort will lead to a specific level of performance. This belief in the relationship between effort and performance is crucial in determining motivation. Rewards (A) refer to the outcomes of the performance, not the belief in effort-performance connection. Valence (C) is the value a person places on a specific reward, not the belief in effort-performance link. Instrumentality (D) is the belief that performance will lead to a certain outcome, not the belief in effort-performance relationship.