A typical budget takes time to prepare. What timetable should the nurse manager plan for the budgeting process?
- A. 9-12 months
- B. 3-6 months
- C. 1-2 months
- D. Over two years
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B (3-6 months) because this timeframe allows for adequate planning, data collection, analysis, and stakeholder input without being too rushed or prolonged. 9-12 months (A) is too long, leading to potential inefficiencies and outdated information. 1-2 months (C) is too short, risking errors and overlooking crucial details. Over two years (D) is excessive and may lead to budgeting based on outdated or irrelevant information. B strikes the right balance for a thorough and efficient budgeting process.
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When considering virtue ethics, which of the following is true?
- A. Virtue ethics attributes behaviors to moral rules.
- B. Virtue ethics attributes behaviors to knowledge of consequences.
- C. Virtue ethics focuses on moral character, rather than rules for behavior.
- D. Virtue ethics is a formal statement of rules for behavior.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because virtue ethics primarily focuses on developing moral character and virtues in individuals rather than following specific rules for behavior. This approach emphasizes the importance of cultivating virtuous traits such as honesty, courage, and kindness to guide ethical decision-making. By emphasizing moral character over rules, virtue ethics promotes the idea that individuals should strive to embody virtuous qualities to lead a good and ethical life.
Choice A is incorrect because virtue ethics does not rely on rigid moral rules but rather on cultivating virtues.
Choice B is incorrect because virtue ethics does not prioritize knowledge of consequences in decision-making.
Choice D is incorrect because virtue ethics does not provide a formal set of rules for behavior, but rather emphasizes the development of virtuous character.
The belief that effort will lead to a specific performance level in an individual is known as:
- A. Rewards.
- B. Expectancy.
- C. Valence.
- D. Instrumentality.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Expectancy. Expectancy theory posits that individuals believe that their effort will lead to a specific level of performance. This belief in the relationship between effort and performance is crucial in determining motivation. Rewards (A) refer to the outcomes of the performance, not the belief in effort-performance connection. Valence (C) is the value a person places on a specific reward, not the belief in effort-performance link. Instrumentality (D) is the belief that performance will lead to a certain outcome, not the belief in effort-performance relationship.
What is the primary objective of healthcare accreditation programs?
- A. To increase financial profitability
- B. To ensure patient safety and quality care
- C. To streamline healthcare operations
- D. To reduce hospital readmissions
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: To ensure patient safety and quality care. Healthcare accreditation programs aim to establish and maintain standards for healthcare facilities to ensure that patients receive safe and high-quality care. This objective prioritizes patient well-being and satisfaction over financial gain (A), operational efficiency (C), or reducing readmissions (D). Patient safety and quality care are fundamental principles in healthcare accreditation to enhance overall healthcare outcomes and patient experience.
A nurse is evaluating teaching for a client who has heart failure. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I am limiting my sodium intake to 2 grams daily.
- B. I have been weighing myself every other morning.
- C. I am trying to decrease my intake of foods with potassium.
- D. I am eating fewer potato chips and more fruit for snacks.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because limiting sodium intake to 2 grams daily is crucial for managing heart failure by reducing fluid retention and strain on the heart. This statement shows understanding of dietary restrictions to manage the condition effectively.
Choice B is incorrect because while monitoring weight is important for heart failure, it does not specifically demonstrate understanding of the teaching provided.
Choice C is incorrect because decreasing potassium intake is not recommended for heart failure management unless specifically advised by a healthcare provider.
Choice D is incorrect as it mentions a positive dietary change, but does not address the key issue of sodium intake, which is essential for managing heart failure.
What are the key elements essential to the implementation of case management? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Collaborative practice teams
- B. Established critical pathways
- C. Quality management system
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because all the elements mentioned - collaborative practice teams, established critical pathways, and quality management system - are essential for effective case management. Collaborative practice teams ensure comprehensive care, critical pathways provide a structured approach to care delivery, and a quality management system ensures high standards of care. Each element plays a crucial role in the successful implementation of case management by promoting coordination, efficiency, and quality assurance. Therefore, selecting all of the above options is necessary to cover all key aspects of effective case management.