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A nurse manager is considering the variances of the budget. Fewer monies were spent than expected. What type of variance is this?
- A. Unfavorable variance
- B. Favorable variance
- C. Dependent variance
- D. Independent variance
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Favorable variance. This is because spending less money than expected is positive for the budget, indicating efficiency. A favorable variance means actual costs are lower than budgeted, leading to cost savings. In contrast, an unfavorable variance (option A) would occur if more money was spent than anticipated, indicating overspending. Choices C and D are incorrect as they do not directly address the concept of budget variances and are not commonly used terms in budgeting analysis.
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Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between ethical principles and laws?
- A. The government enforces ethics.
- B. Laws guide decision making by setting standards.
- C. Ethics are highly detailed.
- D. Ethical principles can serve as the foundation for laws.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because ethical principles can indeed serve as the foundation for laws. Laws often reflect societal ethical values and principles. Ethical principles provide a moral framework that lawmakers may use to create laws that promote justice and fairness. By basing laws on ethical principles, societies aim to uphold shared values and promote good conduct. In contrast, A is incorrect as the government enforces laws, not ethics. B is incorrect because laws are legal rules, not ethical principles. C is incorrect as ethics are principles of right and wrong, not necessarily highly detailed.
Which of the following is an example of a tertiary prevention activity?
- A. Administering immunizations
- B. Physical therapy for stroke patients
- C. Routine health screenings
- D. Health education campaigns
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Physical therapy for stroke patients, as it falls under tertiary prevention aimed at reducing the impact of a disease or disability. Physical therapy helps stroke patients regain function and improve quality of life post-onset. A: Administering immunizations is an example of primary prevention, preventing a disease from occurring. C: Routine health screenings are a form of secondary prevention, detecting diseases early to prevent progression. D: Health education campaigns can be both primary (preventing disease occurrence) or secondary prevention (early detection).
A nurse is assessing a client's readiness to learn about insulin self-administration. Which of the following statements should the nurse identify as an indication that the client is ready to learn?
- A. "I can concentrate best in the morning."
- B. "It is difficult to read the instructions because my glasses are at home."
- C. "I'm wondering why I need to learn this."
- D. "You will have to talk to my partner about this."
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because it shows the client is willing to involve their partner in the learning process, indicating readiness for education. Involving a partner can enhance support and understanding, leading to better adherence. A: Time preference does not directly relate to readiness to learn about insulin. B: Difficulty reading instructions due to glasses is a practical issue, not an indicator of readiness. C: Expressing doubt or questioning the necessity of learning indicates potential resistance or lack of motivation.
Which of the following are managerial functions, according to Mintzberg? (EXCEPT)
- A. Leading and linking at the people level
- B. Communicating and controlling at the information level
- C. Deciding pay structures
- D. Doing at the action level
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Deciding pay structures. According to Mintzberg, managerial functions involve planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Deciding pay structures falls under the domain of human resource management, not traditional managerial functions. A, B, and D align with Mintzberg's managerial functions as they involve aspects of leading, communicating, controlling, and taking actions within an organization.
What is the primary role of a nurse manager in a healthcare setting?
- A. To enforce hospital policies
- B. To oversee patient care
- C. To manage the financial aspects of the unit
- D. To ensure efficient operation of the unit
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The primary role of a nurse manager is to ensure the efficient operation of the unit. This involves coordinating staff, resources, and activities to provide high-quality patient care. By focusing on efficiency, the nurse manager can optimize workflows, improve patient outcomes, and enhance overall unit performance. Enforcing hospital policies (A) is important but not the primary role. While overseeing patient care (B) is essential, it is typically the responsibility of the healthcare providers. Managing the financial aspects of the unit (C) is important, but secondary to ensuring efficient operations. Thus, the correct answer is D as it encompasses the key responsibilities of a nurse manager in a healthcare setting.