Questions on Respiratory System

Questions on Respiratory System Related

Review Questions on Respiratory System related questions and content

A nurse is working in a walk-in clinic. She has been alerted that there is an outbreak of tuberculosis (TB). Which of the following clients entering the clinic today is most likely to have TB?

  • A. A 16-year-old female high school student
  • B. A 33-year-old day-care worker.
  • C. A 43-year-old homeless man with a history of alcoholism.
  • D. A 54-year-old businessman.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, a 43-year-old homeless man with a history of alcoholism. This choice is most likely to have TB because individuals who are homeless and have a history of alcoholism are at higher risk for TB due to weakened immune systems and living conditions. Homelessness and alcoholism increase the likelihood of exposure to TB.

Explanation for other choices:
A: A 16-year-old female high school student - Less likely to have TB compared to homeless individuals with risk factors.
B: A 33-year-old day-care worker - Possible but less likely compared to the homeless man with a history of alcoholism.
D: A 54-year-old businessman - Least likely to have TB compared to the homeless individual with risk factors.

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Which of the following is a risk factor for developing heart failure?

  • A. Regular exercise
  • B. Low blood cholesterol levels
  • C. Smoking
  • D. Adequate sleep
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Smoking. Smoking is a risk factor for developing heart failure because it damages the blood vessels, increases blood pressure, and reduces oxygen delivery to the heart. Regular exercise (A) is actually beneficial for heart health. Low blood cholesterol levels (B) are generally considered a positive factor for heart health. Adequate sleep (D) is important for overall well-being but is not a direct risk factor for heart failure. In conclusion, smoking (C) stands out as the correct answer due to its harmful effects on the cardiovascular system.

larynx have how many cartilages?

  • A. 8
  • B. 11
  • C. 9
  • D. 10
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The larynx consists of 9 cartilages, including the thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis. These structures provide support and protection to the vocal cords and are essential for phonation and breathing. Choice C is correct because it accurately reflects the number of cartilages in the larynx. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not correspond to the anatomical structure of the larynx. It is important to understand the specific components of the larynx to correctly identify the number of cartilages present.

The metal associated with haemoglobin is

  • A. Sodium
  • B. Potassium
  • C. Calcium
  • D. Iron
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Iron. Haemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. Iron is an essential component of haemoglobin, binding to oxygen molecules and facilitating their transport. Sodium, potassium, and calcium do not play a direct role in the structure or function of haemoglobin, making them incorrect choices. Iron deficiency can lead to anemia due to the lack of adequate oxygen-carrying capacity in the blood.

The obstructive lung disease in which connective tissues are lost, alveolar surfaces are damaged, and the respiratory surface is reduced is called

  • A. asthma
  • B. bronchitis
  • C. emphysema
  • D. tuberculosis
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Emphysema is the correct answer because it is characterized by the destruction of alveolar walls and connective tissues in the lungs, leading to reduced respiratory surface area. Asthma is characterized by airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction. Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchial tubes. Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection affecting the lungs. Emphysema best fits the description provided in the question.

The organ of the respiratory system that traps bacteria with a ring of tonsils is the:

  • A. nose
  • B. pharynx
  • C. larynx
  • D. trachea
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: pharynx. The pharynx is the organ that traps bacteria with its tonsils. The tonsils are located in the pharynx and act as the body's first line of defense against pathogens entering the respiratory system. The nose (choice A) is responsible for warming, humidifying, and filtering air, but it does not trap bacteria with tonsils. The larynx (choice C) is involved in sound production and preventing food from entering the airway, not trapping bacteria. The trachea (choice D) is the windpipe that carries air to and from the lungs, but it does not have tonsils to trap bacteria.

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