Questions on Respiratory System

Questions on Respiratory System Related

Review Questions on Respiratory System related questions and content

TB skin test is called 'Scatch test or Mantoux test' in which Tuberculin Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) is injected subcutaneously. This test is based on

  • A. Delayed Hypersensitivity
  • B. Production of antibodies
  • C. Production of Tubercle toxin
  • D. All these
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Delayed Hypersensitivity. The TB skin test, also known as the Mantoux test, is based on the principle of delayed hypersensitivity reaction. When Tuberculin Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) is injected subcutaneously, in individuals previously exposed to TB, the immune system mounts a delayed hypersensitivity reaction resulting in localized inflammation at the injection site. This reaction is mediated by T cells and is indicative of previous exposure to the TB bacterium.

Incorrect choices:
B: Production of antibodies - The TB skin test does not detect the production of antibodies specific to TB, but rather the cellular immune response.
C: Production of Tubercle toxin - The test is not based on the production of the tubercle toxin, but on the immune response to the tuberculin PPD.
D: All these - While the immune response may involve various components, such as antibodies and cellular responses, the primary basis of the TB skin test is the

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A nurse is caring for an older adult client who has a pulmonary infection. Which action should the nurse take first?

  • A. Encourage the client to increase fluid intake.
  • B. Assess the client's level of consciousness.
  • C. Raise the head of the bed to at least 45 degrees.
  • D. Provide the client with humidified oxygen.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to take first is to assess the client's level of consciousness (Choice B) because it is essential to determine the client's current neurological status and mental acuity, which can indicate the severity of the infection and the need for immediate interventions. Assessing consciousness helps in identifying any signs of respiratory distress or potential complications. Encouraging fluid intake (Choice A) is important but not the priority when the client's respiratory status is uncertain. Raising the head of the bed (Choice C) is beneficial for improving oxygenation but should come after assessing the client's consciousness. Providing humidified oxygen (Choice D) is important for respiratory support but should be based on the assessment findings.

The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in venous blood is approximately

  • A. 40 mm Hg
  • B. 45 mm Hg
  • C. 50 mm Hg
  • D. 70 mm Hg
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B (45 mm Hg) because the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in venous blood is typically around 40-45 mm Hg. This value represents the amount of CO2 dissolved in the blood plasma. Option A (40 mm Hg) is slightly on the lower side and may not fully reflect the average value. Option C (50 mm Hg) is higher than the usual range for venous blood CO2 levels. Option D (70 mm Hg) is significantly higher than the normal range and is more characteristic of arterial blood CO2 levels. Therefore, option B is the most accurate representation of the partial pressure of CO2 in venous blood.

The metal associated with haemoglobin is

  • A. Sodium
  • B. Potassium
  • C. Calcium
  • D. Iron
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Iron. Haemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. Iron is an essential component of haemoglobin, binding to oxygen molecules and facilitating their transport. Sodium, potassium, and calcium do not play a direct role in the structure or function of haemoglobin, making them incorrect choices. Iron deficiency can lead to anemia due to the lack of adequate oxygen-carrying capacity in the blood.

A patient has been diagnosed with pulmonary hypertension, in which the capillaries in the alveoli are squeezed excessively. The nurse should recognize a disturbance in what aspect of normal respiratory function?

  • A. Acid-base balance
  • B. Perfusion
  • C. Diffusion
  • D. Ventilation
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Perfusion. Pulmonary hypertension affects blood flow through the lungs, leading to decreased perfusion. This results in inadequate oxygenation of the blood. Acid-base balance (A) is maintained by the kidneys and lungs, not directly impacted by pulmonary hypertension. Diffusion (C) refers to gas exchange in the alveoli, which is affected by perfusion but not the primary disturbance in pulmonary hypertension. Ventilation (D) is the process of moving air in and out of the lungs, which is not primarily affected by pulmonary hypertension; it is more related to conditions like COPD.

The nurse is performing an occupational history as part of the respiratory assessment. Which occupation(s) place the patient isn't at increased risk for an occupational lung disorder?

  • A. A firefighter
  • B. A cotton gin worker
  • C. A construction contractor
  • D. A bartender
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: A bartender. Bartenders are not typically exposed to occupational lung hazards like smoke, dust, or chemicals. Firefighters (A), cotton gin workers (B), and construction contractors (C) are all at increased risk due to exposure to smoke, cotton dust, and construction materials, respectively. As a result, the bartender is the least likely to develop an occupational lung disorder compared to the other professions listed.

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