Nokea
How much does the inspired O2 concentration have to be raised to abolish the hypoxaemia?
- A. 5%
- B. 7%
- C. 10%
- D. 15%
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B (7%). To abolish hypoxemia, inspired O2 concentration needs to be increased sufficiently to raise arterial oxygen levels. A 7% increase is generally effective in achieving this without causing oxygen toxicity. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because a 5% increase may not be enough to abolish hypoxemia, a 10% increase can lead to oxygen toxicity, and a 15% increase is excessive and unnecessary for treating hypoxemia. Therefore, option B is the most appropriate and balanced choice for addressing hypoxemia effectively.
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An assistive personnel (AP) was feeding a client with a tracheostomy. Later that evening the UAP reports that the client had a coughing spell during the meal. What action by the nurse is best?
- A. Assess the client's lung sounds.
- B. Assign a different AP to the client.
- C. Report the AP to the manager.
- D. Request thicker liquids for meals.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct Answer: A - Assess the client's lung sounds.
Rationale:
1. Assessing lung sounds helps determine if the client is experiencing respiratory distress.
2. Coughing during a meal with a tracheostomy can indicate aspiration or airway obstruction.
3. Prompt assessment can prevent potential complications and guide further interventions.
Summary:
- B: Assigning a different AP does not address the client's immediate respiratory status.
- C: Reporting the AP to the manager is not necessary before assessing the client's condition.
- D: Requesting thicker liquids does not address the underlying issue of potential aspiration or airway obstruction.
The obstructive lung disease in which connective tissues are lost, alveolar surfaces are damaged, and the respiratory surface is reduced is called
- A. asthma
- B. bronchitis
- C. emphysema
- D. tuberculosis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Emphysema is the correct answer because it is characterized by the destruction of alveolar walls and connective tissues in the lungs, leading to reduced respiratory surface area. Asthma is characterized by airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction. Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchial tubes. Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection affecting the lungs. Emphysema best fits the description provided in the question.
Which of the following describes a correct order of structures in the respiratory passageways?
- A. pharynx, trachea, larynx, bronchi, bronchioles
- B. larynx, pharynx, trachea, bronchioles, bronchi
- C. trachea, pharynx, larynx, bronchi, bronchioles
- D. pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct order of structures in the respiratory passageways is D: pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles. This is the correct order because air enters the body through the pharynx, then passes through the larynx (voice box), followed by the trachea (windpipe), which branches into the bronchi, and then further divides into bronchioles. The other choices are incorrect because they do not follow the natural flow of air through the respiratory system. Choice A has the incorrect order starting with the pharynx, followed by the trachea, larynx, bronchi, and bronchioles. Choice B starts with the larynx, then pharynx, trachea, bronchioles, and bronchi, which is out of sequence. Choice C begins with the trachea, then pharynx, larynx, bronchi, and bronchioles, which is also incorrect
Nurse Reese is caring for a client hospitalized with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Which of the following would the nurse expect to note on assessment of this client?
- A. Hypocapnia
- B. A hyperinflated chest noted on the chest x-ray.
- C. Increased oxygen saturation with exercise.
- D. A widened diaphragm noted on the chest x-ray.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: A hyperinflated chest noted on the chest x-ray. In COPD, air trapping leads to hyperinflation of the lungs, causing the chest to appear hyperinflated on x-ray. This is due to the increased residual volume and decreased expiratory flow rates in COPD.
Incorrect choices:
A: Hypocapnia is unlikely in COPD as patients typically retain carbon dioxide due to impaired gas exchange.
C: Increased oxygen saturation with exercise is unlikely in COPD as these patients often have decreased oxygen saturation due to impaired gas exchange.
D: A widened diaphragm would not be a typical finding on chest x-ray in COPD; hyperinflated lungs are more characteristic.
Priority Decision: To reduce the risk for most occupational lung diseases, what is the most important measure the occupational nurse should promote?
- A. Maintaining smoke-free work environments for all employees.
- B. Using masks and effective ventilation systems to reduce exposure to irritants.
- C. Inspection and monitoring of workplaces by national occupational safety agencies.
- D. Requiring periodic chest x-rays and pulmonary function tests for exposed employees.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Requiring periodic chest x-rays and pulmonary function tests for exposed employees is crucial in early detection and prevention of occupational lung diseases.