Nokea
Which of the following factors predispose a client to the development of TB?
- A. Exposure to toxic gases
- B. Obstruction by tumor
- C. Congenital abnormalities
- D. Malnutrition
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Malnutrition weakens the immune system, increasing susceptibility to TB. A (exposure to toxic gases) is unrelated. B (obstruction by tumor) and C (congenital abnormalities) do not directly predispose to TB.
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larynx have how many cartilages?
- A. 8
- B. 11
- C. 9
- D. 10
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The larynx consists of 9 cartilages, including the thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis. These structures provide support and protection to the vocal cords and are essential for phonation and breathing. Choice C is correct because it accurately reflects the number of cartilages in the larynx. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not correspond to the anatomical structure of the larynx. It is important to understand the specific components of the larynx to correctly identify the number of cartilages present.
A male client comes to the emergency department complaining of sudden onset of diarrhea, anorexia, malaise, cough, headache, and recurrent chills. Based on the client's history and physical findings, the physician suspects Legionnaires' disease. While awaiting diagnostic test results, the client is admitted to the facility and started on antibiotic therapy. What is the drug of choice for treating Legionnaires' disease?
- A. erythromycin (Erythrocin)
- B. rifampin (Rifadin)
- C. amantadine (Symmetrel)
- D. amphotericin B (Fungizone)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: erythromycin (Erythrocin). Legionnaires' disease is caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophila, and erythromycin is the drug of choice for treating this infection. Erythromycin is a macrolide antibiotic that effectively targets Legionella bacteria by inhibiting their protein synthesis. It is bacteriostatic at low concentrations and bactericidal at higher concentrations. Rifampin (B) is not the preferred choice for Legionnaires' disease. Amantadine (C) is used for treating influenza A virus, not Legionella bacteria. Amphotericin B (D) is an antifungal agent and is not effective against Legionella pneumophila. Utilizing erythromycin as the treatment of choice ensures successful eradication of the Legionella bacteria and helps the client recover from the infection.
The nurse is developing a teaching plan for a 64-year-old client with coronary artery disease (CAD). Which factor should the nurse focus on during the teaching session?
- A. Family history of coronary artery disease
- B. Elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level
- C. Greater risk associated with the patient's gender
- D. Increased risk of cardiovascular disease with aging
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level. This is the most relevant factor to focus on during the teaching session for a client with CAD. Elevated LDL levels are a major risk factor for the development and progression of CAD. By addressing this factor, the nurse can educate the client on the importance of managing cholesterol levels through diet, exercise, and medication.
Incorrect choices:
A: Family history of CAD - While family history is a risk factor, it cannot be modified through education alone.
C: Greater risk associated with the patient's gender - Gender is a non-modifiable risk factor and not the primary focus for teaching.
D: Increased risk of cardiovascular disease with aging - While age is a risk factor, the focus should be on modifiable risk factors like LDL levels.
During transportation of Carbon dioxide, blood will not become acidic, because
- A. It contains hemoglobin
- B. It contains Hemoglobinc acid
- C. It contains Buffers
- D. It contains high CO2
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: Choice C is correct because blood contains buffers like bicarbonate that help maintain pH balance by neutralizing excess acids or bases. This prevents blood from becoming acidic during CO2 transportation. Choices A and B are incorrect as hemoglobin doesn't directly regulate blood pH, and hemoglobinc acid is not a component in blood. Choice D is incorrect as high CO2 levels can actually lead to blood becoming more acidic if not properly buffered.
Fick's law of diffusion is related to
- A. Diffusion and Surface area
- B. Diffusion and membrane potential
- C. Diffusion and water content
- D. Diffusion and pore diameter
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fick's law of diffusion states that the rate of diffusion is directly proportional to the surface area and concentration gradient, and inversely proportional to the distance over which diffusion occurs. Therefore, Choice A - Diffusion and Surface area is correct because surface area directly affects the rate of diffusion. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not directly relate to Fick's law. B is incorrect as membrane potential is not a factor in Fick's law. C is incorrect as water content is not a key factor in the law of diffusion. D is incorrect as pore diameter is not explicitly mentioned in Fick's law.