Nokea
The organ of the respiratory system that traps bacteria with a ring of tonsils is the:
- A. nose
- B. pharynx
- C. larynx
- D. trachea
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: pharynx. The pharynx is the organ that traps bacteria with its tonsils. The tonsils are located in the pharynx and act as the body's first line of defense against pathogens entering the respiratory system. The nose (choice A) is responsible for warming, humidifying, and filtering air, but it does not trap bacteria with tonsils. The larynx (choice C) is involved in sound production and preventing food from entering the airway, not trapping bacteria. The trachea (choice D) is the windpipe that carries air to and from the lungs, but it does not have tonsils to trap bacteria.
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TB skin test is called 'Scatch test or Mantoux test' in which Tuberculin Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) is injected subcutaneously. This test is based on
- A. Delayed Hypersensitivity
- B. Production of antibodies
- C. Production of Tubercle toxin
- D. All these
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Delayed Hypersensitivity. The TB skin test, also known as the Mantoux test, is based on the principle of delayed hypersensitivity reaction. When Tuberculin Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) is injected subcutaneously, in individuals previously exposed to TB, the immune system mounts a delayed hypersensitivity reaction resulting in localized inflammation at the injection site. This reaction is mediated by T cells and is indicative of previous exposure to the TB bacterium.
Incorrect choices:
B: Production of antibodies - The TB skin test does not detect the production of antibodies specific to TB, but rather the cellular immune response.
C: Production of Tubercle toxin - The test is not based on the production of the tubercle toxin, but on the immune response to the tuberculin PPD.
D: All these - While the immune response may involve various components, such as antibodies and cellular responses, the primary basis of the TB skin test is the
The nurse supervises unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) providing care for a client who has right lower lobe pneumonia. Which action by the UAP requires the nurse to intervene?
- A. UAP assists the client to ambulate to the bathroom.
- B. UAP helps splint the client's chest during coughing.
- C. UAP transfers the client to a bedside chair for meals.
- D. UAP lowers the head of the client's bed to 15 degrees
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
1. In right lower lobe pneumonia, positioning the client with the affected side down helps improve ventilation and drainage.
2. Lowering the head of the bed to 15 degrees promotes pooling of secretions, worsening respiratory status.
3. A, B, and C are appropriate actions that promote client comfort and safety in pneumonia management.
4. Intervening in option D is crucial to prevent complications and promote effective respiratory care.
Which of the following describes a correct order of structures in the respiratory passageways?
- A. pharynx, trachea, larynx, bronchi, bronchioles
- B. larynx, pharynx, trachea, bronchioles, bronchi
- C. trachea, pharynx, larynx, bronchi, bronchioles
- D. pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct order of structures in the respiratory passageways is D: pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles. This is the correct order because air enters the body through the pharynx, then passes through the larynx (voice box), followed by the trachea (windpipe), which branches into the bronchi, and then further divides into bronchioles. The other choices are incorrect because they do not follow the natural flow of air through the respiratory system. Choice A has the incorrect order starting with the pharynx, followed by the trachea, larynx, bronchi, and bronchioles. Choice B starts with the larynx, then pharynx, trachea, bronchioles, and bronchi, which is out of sequence. Choice C begins with the trachea, then pharynx, larynx, bronchi, and bronchioles, which is also incorrect
The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in venous blood is approximately
- A. 40 mm Hg
- B. 45 mm Hg
- C. 50 mm Hg
- D. 70 mm Hg
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B (45 mm Hg) because the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in venous blood is typically around 40-45 mm Hg. This value represents the amount of CO2 dissolved in the blood plasma. Option A (40 mm Hg) is slightly on the lower side and may not fully reflect the average value. Option C (50 mm Hg) is higher than the usual range for venous blood CO2 levels. Option D (70 mm Hg) is significantly higher than the normal range and is more characteristic of arterial blood CO2 levels. Therefore, option B is the most accurate representation of the partial pressure of CO2 in venous blood.
The nurse is performing an occupational history as part of the respiratory assessment. Which occupation(s) place the patient isn't at increased risk for an occupational lung disorder?
- A. A firefighter
- B. A cotton gin worker
- C. A construction contractor
- D. A bartender
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: A bartender. Bartenders are not typically exposed to occupational lung hazards like smoke, dust, or chemicals. Firefighters (A), cotton gin workers (B), and construction contractors (C) are all at increased risk due to exposure to smoke, cotton dust, and construction materials, respectively. As a result, the bartender is the least likely to develop an occupational lung disorder compared to the other professions listed.